)municipal solid waste recycled annually: 277,547 tons (2015 est. )2% of GDP (2021)2% of GDP (2020)1.8% of GDP (2019) (approximately $7.47 billion)1.8% of GDP (2018) (approximately $6.9 billion), approximately 75,000 active duty personnel (58,000 Land Forces; 7,000 Naval Forces; 10,000 Air Force) (2022), the inventory of the Romanian Armed Forces is comprised mostly of Soviet-era and older domestically-produced weapons systems; there is also a smaller mix of Western-origin equipment received in more recent years from European countries and the US (2021), 18 years of age for voluntary service for men and women; all military inductees contract for an initial 5-year term of service, with subsequent successive 3-year terms until age 36; conscription ended in 2006 (2021), Romania became a member of NATO in 2004Romania hosts a NATO multinational divisional headquarters (Multinational Division Southeast; became operational in 2017) and a French-led ground force battlegroup as part of NATO's tailored forward presence in the southeastern part of the Alliance; NATO reinforced the battlegroup with additional troops in response to Russias 2022 invasion of Ukraine; Romania conducts its own air policing mission, but because of Russian aggression in the Black Sea region, NATO allies have sent detachments of fighters to augment the Romanian Air Force since 2014 (2022), Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS)note: details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in Appendix-T, Romania-Ukraine: the International Court of Justice ruled largely in favor of Romania in its dispute submitted in 2004 over Ukrainian-administered Zmiyinyy/Serpilor (Snake) Island and Black Sea maritime boundary delimitation; in 2007, Romania opposed Ukraine's construction of a navigation canal from the Danube border through Ukraine to the Black Sea, arguing that it runs through a unique ecological area, the Danube Delta, refugees (country of origin): 87,853 (Ukraine) (as of 30 October 2022)stateless persons: 314 (mid-year 2021)note: 11,627 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-October 2022), current situation: human traffickers exploit domestic and foreign victims in Romania and Romanians abroad; Romania remains a primary source country for sex and labor trafficking victims in Europe; Romanian men, women, and children are subjected to forced labor in agriculture, construction, hotels, manufacturing, domestic service, commercial sex, and forced begging and theft; Romania is a destination country for a limited number of foreign trafficking victims, including migrants from Africa, Europe, and South and Southeast Asia, exploited in the construction, hotel, and food-processing industriestier rating: Tier 2 Watch List Romania does not fully meet the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking but is making significant efforts to do so; the government identified more trafficking victims during the reporting period, participated in more international investigations, and conducted awareness campaigns; however, authorities investigated, prosecuted, and convicted fewer traffickers; officials complicit in trafficking crimes, especially with minors in government-run homes or placement centers, were not prosecuted; government funding of services for child trafficking victims remained inadequate (2020), total population growth rate v. urban population growth rate, 2000-2030, Children under the age of 5 years underweight, School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education), International law organization participation, Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income, Household income or consumption by percentage share, Civil aircraft registration country code prefix, Military and security service personnel strengths, Military equipment inventories and acquisitions, Refugees and internally displaced persons, Center for the Study of Intelligence (CSI). The current Commander-in-chief is Lieutenant General D. Romania PwrIndx: 0.5938* *PwrIndx score of 0.0000 being optimal. [6] Total defence spending currently accounts for 2.02% of total national GDP, which represents approximately 5.7 billion US dollars. The country with the second . In the four Army Commands were 8 Mechanized Divisions, 2 Tank Divisions and 1 Tank Brigade, as well as 4 Mountain Brigades (specialized motorized infantry units). [3] Other militarized institutions [ edit] To be true for authenticity of news of Europe I listen to you and b.b.c. Romania Military Power Ranking Romania Overview Romania Military Manpower Romania Population 19,659,267 Rank: 63/156 Romania Total Military Personnel 176,300 Rank: 56 /156 Romania Active Military Personnel 69,300 Rank: 54/156 Romania Reserve Military Personnel 50,000 Rank: 48/156 Romania Paramilitary Personnel 57,000 Rank: 35/156 Polaris ATV. Army Strength: Approximately 41,000 (Possibly 20,000 effective reserves) . Romania became a member of NATO in 2004. )permanent crops: 1.9% (2018 est. Portugal Military Power. All have extensive LTE networks in place, while services based on 5G have been offered under their existing spectrum concessions since 2019; the delayed multi-spectrum auction, expected to be completed later in 2021, will enable the operators to expand 5G network capacity and enable consumers to make far greater use of the technologys potential; in line with legislation passed in July 2021 the MNOs will have to replace equipment provided by vendors deemed to be a security risk, essentially meaning that they will have up to seven years to replace core and non-core kit provided by Huawei; this report provides an overview of Romanias fast-developing telecommunications market, covering regulatory developments, major players and fixed-line infrastructure, and offering a variety of operational and financial statistics as well as a range of subscriber forecasts; the report also covers the mobile voice and data markets, including profiles of the major operators, updates on spectrum auctions and regulatory developments; in addition, the report provides insights into the growing broadband market, covering technologies, the major players and market developments. PRO ART 6D. For an in-depth overview of current leading air powers of the world, including active inventories and strengths, consult the, World Directory of Modern Military Aircraft (www.WDMMA.org). )$40 billion (31 December 2016 est. ), total: 28% (2020 est. )beer: 5.33 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. Energy Saving and Power Quality Solutions. )from petroleum and other liquids: 27.268 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est. The telegram of Nikolai to Carol I (in Romanian): // " ", 9 (798), 2013. . In 2022 the defense budget was increased to 2.5% of GDP, or an additional 1 billion USD to use especially for acquisition of military equipment. The Black Sea is one of many issues where there is no consensus among the member states. [16] The 3rd Army comprised the 4th Army Corps (6th and 7th Infantry Divisions), the Cavalry Corps, the Mountain Corps, two separate artillery battalion, a TA unit, and the Air Force's 3rd Army Cooperation Command. Search. However, German forces under the command of General Erich von Falkenhayn stalled the attack in November, 1916, and drove back the Romanians. Hover over the various sections in the bar below for more details. note: data are in current year dollars, Germany 19%, Italy 9%, Hungary 7%, Poland 6%, China 5%, France 5% (2019), cars and vehicle parts, crude petroleum, packaged medicines, insulated wiring, broadcasting equipment (2019), $44.43 billion (31 December 2017 est. )methane emissions: 27.62 megatons (2020 est. )$578.39 billion (2019 est. The number of inhabitants is 19,317,984. )4.0057 (2014 est. The principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia - for centuries under the suzerainty of the Turkish Ottoman Empire - secured their autonomy in 1856; they were de facto linked in 1859 and formally united in 1862 under the new name of Romania. )proven reserves: 291 million metric tons (2019 est. (P) The hybrid schooling system - is this for real? that the equipment is intended for the French military contingent in Romania. Turkey, in particular, has been reluctant . )other: 10.6% (2018 est. )note:estimate does not include children, (2020 est.) 2022 City Compass Media and/or its affiliated companies. When it comes to the naval strength, Romania has a total of 48 naval assets, including 3 frigates, 4 corvettes, and 6 petrol vessels. *Each nation is assessed on individual and collective values processed through our in-house formula to generate its 'PwrIndx' score. )1.3% (2017 est. Romania is now the only major source of electricity for Moldova, according to Victor . As of 2017, the first two stages have been completed. The Army of Romania in World War One from 1916-1918. Required fields are . . [11] According to Richard Hall, "the entrance of Romania into the conflict made the Bulgarian situation untenable and the Romanian thrust across the Danube was the decisive military act of the Second Balkan War. Vadim Ghirda/AP Photo Power. In 1940, Romania allied with the Axis powers and participated in the 1941 German invasion of the USSR. Non-profit, educational or personal use tips the balance in favour of fair use. #Romania #military #Army #militarypowercomparison #navy #power #army #MilitaryWorld #MW @Military World Romania military size for 2019 was 126,000.00, a 0.47% decline from 2018. The published content of the pages contained herein is unique to this website (unless where indicated) and not for reuse in any form. )government consumption: 7.7% (2017 est. note: data are in current year dollars, cars and vehicle parts, insulated wiring, refined petroleum, electrical control boards, seats (2019), $104.16 billion (2020 est.) Former communists dominated the government until 1996 when they were swept from power. About: GlobalFirepower.com is an annually-updated, statistics-based website tracking defense-related information of 142 nations and exists as a wholly-independent resource. ), $117.829 billion (2019 est. 28263. )arable land: 39.1% (2018 est. )exports: 11.185 million cubic meters (2019 est. Romania military spending/defense budget for 2018 was $4.36B, a 20.35% increase from 2017. Romanian. [2] The Land Forces have a reported strength of 35,800, the Air Force 10,700, the Naval Forces 6,600, and Joint Forces 16,500, in 2020. Chris Lofting (GFDL 1.2 or GFDL 1.2), via Wikimedia Commons "The agreement signed by the NDMA will help strengthen the air power of one of our allies, at the same time as it will generate revenues for both Norwegian industry and the Norwegian state," said Norwegian Minister of Defence . In late August 1944, the Red Army entered eastern Romania. your username. Designated Marksman Rifle Based On AK Action Chambered For 7.62x54r Made In Cugir, Romania Issued Romanian Military DMR, 1974-Present Day Currently Imported Into U.S. By Century International Arms Like any true Kalashnikov, the Cugir PSL 54 is a rugged, reliable machine that accomplishes exactly what it was designed to do. China can support its troops with 6,300 tanks and 7,000 artillery pieces, whilst Taiwan can field 800 . ), maize, wheat, milk, sunflower seed, potatoes, barley, grapes, sugar beet, rapeseed, plums/sloes, electric machinery and equipment, auto assembly, textiles and footwear, light machinery, metallurgy, chemicals, food processing, petroleum refining, mining, timber, construction materials, agriculture: 28.3%industry: 28.9%services: 42.8% (2014), lowest 10%: 15.3%highest 10%: 7.6% (2014 est. Adauga in cos . Pecentages below are not part of overall strength above but rather relative to each category presented below. After the Romanian Communist Party seized power, the Armed Forces of Romania was reformed to mirror the soviet model. The post-war Soviet occupation led to the formation of a communist "people's republic" in 1947 and the abdication of the king. ), production: 15.002 million metric tons (2020 est. )from consumed natural gas: 20.588 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est. As of 2021, Romania has in total 943 tanks, 1500+ armored vehicles, 808 towed artillery and 240 rocket projectors. 20-35 years of age for compulsory male military service; conscription ended 2006, but military service remains mandatory; 18 years of age for male and female voluntary service; all military inductees (including women) contract for an initial 5-year term of service, with subsequent . Romania's Land Forces, Air Force and Naval Forces are collectively known as the Romanian Armed Forces. Philippines Military Power. Romania joined NATO in 2004. Romania's Popescu outlines fresh nuclear cooperation 27 October 2022 Minister of Energy Virgil Popescu says Canada and the USA are both offering to help with the financing of the construction of. Romanian Military (1 - 40 of 200 results) Price ($) Shipping Memorabilia Romania Military Service- 1901-1911 TheSinkingCanoe (58) $177.22 70s Mens Medium 1978 Romania Military Wool Greatcoat Officer Jacket Green, 70s Romania Military Greatcoat Officer Jacket, Romania Military, GlassCityReclaimed (873) $189.96 FREE shipping Until World War I, the Romanian army didn't face any other serious actions, although it participated in the Second Balkan War against Bulgaria. [21] The Air Force currently operates modernized Soviet MiG-21 LanceR fighters and 17 F-16 A/B Block 15 MLU fighters. [8], The first attempt to create an independent Romanian army was made by Gheorghe Magheru during the 1848 Wallachian Revolution, and it was based at Rureni (now part of Rmnicu Vlcea). We have compared its Air Force , Army , Navy and Economic Power . It has a budget of $16.6 billion. Romanian (official) 85.4%, Hungarian 6.3%, Romani 1.2%, other 1%, unspecified 6.1% (2011 est. ), general assessment: Romanias telecom market has undergone several significant changes in recent years; Vodafone Group in July 2019 acquired Liberty Globals local unit UPC Romania, thus enabling Vodafone Romania to compete more effectively in offering bundled services; Orange Romania more recently acquired the fixed-line assets of Telekom Romania from Deutsche Telekoms subsidiary OTE; the deal, which requires regulatory clearances and could be completed by the end of 2021, was prompted by competition in the fixed-line segment, particularly from Digi, which would have compelled Telekom Romania to invest more heavily in fixed-line infrastructure; the mobile market is served by network operators supported by pan-European players, including Vodafone Group and Orange Group. 25 October 2022. The greatest disaster for the Romanian expeditionary force on the Eastern Front came at Stalingrad, where, during the Soviet counter-offensive of November 1942, the thinly spread forces of the Third Army (deployed north of Stalingrad) and of the Fourth Army (deployed south of Stalingrad) were attacked by vastly superior Soviet forces and suffered combined losses of some 158,000 personnel. )nuclear: 20.4% of total installed capacity (2020 est. Arable Land Armed forces personnel are active duty military personnel, including paramilitary forces if the training, organization, equipment, and control suggest they may be used to support or replace regular military forces. )imports: 2,800,985,000 cubic meters (2019 est. Military power of Romania & Russia Romania vs Russia Romania is a country located in Southeastern Europe with an area of 238,391 km2 (land boundries: 2,844 km and costline 225 km). note: data are in current year dollars$111.18 billion (2019 est.) . ), urban population: 54.5% of total population (2022)rate of urbanization: -0.15% annual rate of change (2020-25 est. This agreement expired in September 2015, and no funds were drawn. As of 2021, the Armed Forces number 68,500 active personnel and 53,000 reserves. Eastern Orthodox (including all sub-denominations) 81.9%, Protestant (various denominations including Reformed and Pentecostal) 6.4%, Roman Catholic 4.3%, other (includes Muslim) 0.9%, none or atheist 0.2%, unspecified 6.3% (2011 est. Advertisements 1 1936 7TP Light Tank 2 1936 AH-IV Tankette 3 1938 BA-10 / BA-32 Industry outperformed other sectors of the economy in 2017. The US Army is the most powerful in the world, according to the 2018 Military Strength Ranking, followed closely by Russia and China. CHAPTER 2 - POTENTIAL MILITARY RISKS AND THREATS Developments in the area of security attest to the return of power politics, global threatening, and military intervention performed on independent and sovereign states. The following Romanian institutions have military status but are not part of the Armed Forces: The coat of arms of the Romanian General Staff. The Land Forces have overhauled their equipment in recent years, and are today a modern army with multiple NATO capabilities. ), Fitch rating: BBB- (2011)Moody's rating: Baa3 (2006)Standard & Poors rating: BBB- (2014), agriculture: 4.2% (2017 est. The number of inhabitants is 19,317,984. The number of inhabitants is 19,317,984. ), soil erosion, degradation, and desertification; water pollution; air pollution in south from industrial effluents; contamination of Danube delta wetlands, party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Antarctic-Environmental Protection, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands, Whalingsigned, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements, particulate matter emissions: 14.29 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est. In the summer of 1917 however, Prezan, aided by the future Marshal, General Ion Antonescu, successfully defended the remaining unoccupied territories against German and Austro-Hungarian forces led by Field Marshal August von Mackensen. (Romanian)The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. Military and civil drone and anti-drone projects. Hover over pie slices in the chart below for category information. ET Friday). )industrial: 4.234 billion cubic meters (2017 est. Military service age and obligation. This means that, compared to last year, the . The Land Forces, Air Force and Naval Forces of Romania are collectively known as the Romanian Armed Forces ( Romanian: Forele Armate Romne or Armata Romn) . At the same time, Austrian and Turkish troops invaded southern Romania, forcing the country into a two-front war. The Romanian Land Forces was founded on 24 November [ O.S. Over 50 world military. ), total: 5.84 deaths/1,000 live birthsmale: 6.07 deaths/1,000 live birthsfemale: 5.59 deaths/1,000 live births (2022 est. Now Decide. )subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 30 (2020 est. Watch popular content from the following creators: RomanianPatriot(@romanianpatriot), StopWar(@stopwar.ukraine), Mafia(@thegodfathernose0), Andrei_Hhc(@andreihhc), beautiful(@life.is.beautiful33) . )from coal and metallurgical coke: 20.891 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est. ), definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 98.8%male: 99.1%female: 98.6% (2018), total: 14 yearsmale: 14 yearsfemale: 15 years (2019), total: 17.3%male: 17.9%female: 16.5% (2020 est. Military production of Italy: Type of Weapon [14] Later on, in 1919, Germany agreed, in the Treaty of Versailles Article 259, to renounce all the benefits provided to it by the Treaty of Bucharest in 1918. The increased spending level offers a clear opportunity for U.S. defense equipment and service providers. As a consequence, extensive preparations were made to abolish conscription by 2007 and create a professional army in place of a conscripted one. Romania (Overall ranking: 40) A Romanian soldier adjusts her helmet during weapons training with US Marines during exercise Spring Storm at Capu Midia, Romania. The current Commander-in-chief is Lieutenant General Daniel Petrescu who is managed by the Minister of National Defence while the president is the Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces during wartime. [4] The Armed Forces are built for territorial defence, with contributions to NATO missions such as in Afghanistan a secondary priority. Romania became a member of NATO in 2004. )subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 16 (2020 est. ), total population: 75.75 yearsmale: 72.3 yearsfemale: 79.4 years (2022 est. ), lei (RON) per US dollar -4.02835 (2020 est. Additionally the Divizia 1 Blindat (Romnia)[ro] was formed for service on the Eastern Front. )crude oil and lease condensate exports: 1,400 barrels/day (2018 est. original sound. Okazii.ro - magazine cu mii de calificative pozitive, cumperi in siguranta prin Garantia de Livrare. Based on 2020 data, it concluded China has 1,040,000 troops, versus just 88,000 for Taiwan. Irina Marica, irina.marica@romania-insider.com. ), 68.746 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est. ), electrification - total population: 100% (2020), installed generating capacity: 20.528 million kW (2020 est. Download Historical Data. Romania military spending/defense budget for 2017 was $3.62B, a 36.98% increase from 2016. )4.0782 (2018 est. [7], As of April 2022, Romania has 429 military personnel deployed in international missions. )4.6% (2018 est. ), number of registered air carriers: 8 (2020)inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 60annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers: 4,908,235 (2018)annual freight traffic on registered air carriers: 2.71 million (2018) mt-km, total: 26over 3,047 m: 42,438 to 3,047 m: 101,524 to 2,437 m: 11under 914 m: 1 (2021), total: 19914 to 1,523 m: 5under 914 m: 14 (2021), total: 11,268 km (2014)standard gauge: 10,781 km (2014) 1.435-m gauge (3,292 km electrified)narrow gauge: 427 km (2014) 0.760-m gaugebroad gauge: 60 km (2014) 1.524-m gauge, total: 84,185 km (2012)paved: 49,873 km (2012) (includes 337 km of expressways)unpaved: 34,312 km (2012), 1,731 km (2010) (includes 1,075 km on the Danube River, 524 km on secondary branches, and 132 km on canals), total: 121by type: general cargo 11, oil tanker 6, other 104 (2021), major seaport(s): Constanta, Midiariver port(s): Braila, Galati (Galatz), Mancanului (Giurgiu), Tulcea (Danube River), Romanian Armed Forces: Land Forces, Naval Forces, Air Force; Ministry of Internal Affairs: Romanian Gendarmerie, Romanian Police, Romanian Border Police (2022), 2% of GDP (2022 est. Return to the World War 2 Tanks by Country Index. [22] In 2025, the long-term stage is to be completed. ITALY. On August 17, 1916, Romania settled the military alliance with the Allies which had been forced Entries are listed below in alphanumeric order (1-to-Z). The Romanian military will take part in the NATO evacuation missions. )exports: 5.459 billion kWh (2020 est. )female: 20% (2020 est. The American forces have been establishing a garrison at the Romanian military's air base. )exports: 2,000 metric tons (2020 est. ), at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female0-14 years: 1.06 male(s)/female15-24 years: 1.04 male(s)/female25-54 years: 1 male(s)/female55-64 years: 0.96 male(s)/female65 years and over: 0.75 male(s)/femaletotal population: 0.94 male(s)/female (2022 est. It joined the Allied Powers in World War I and acquired new territories - most notably Transylvania - following the conflict. 2022 Romania Military Strength For 2022, Romania is ranked 38 of 142 out of the countries considered for the annual GFP review. )3.3492 (2013 est. Ministerul Aprrii Naionale a obinut . ), improved: urban: 100% of populationrural: 100% of populationtotal: 100% of populationunimproved: urban: 0% of populationrural: 0% of populationtotal: 0% of population (2020 est. Romania joined NATO in 2004 and the EU in 2007. As of April 2022, Romania has 429 military personnel deployed in international missions. oct. 1996 - Prezent26 ani 2 luni. In 1980 the Romanian Land Forces was reorganized in 4 Army Commands: 1st (Bucharest), 2nd (Buzau), 3rd (Craiova) and 4th (Cluj-Napoca). )crude oil and lease condensate imports: 161,600 barrels/day (2018 est. Romanian troops taking Grivica Strongpoint during the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-1878 The military history of Romania deals with conflicts spreading over a period of about 2500 years across the territory of modern Romania, the Balkan Peninsula and Eastern Europe and the role of the Romanian military in conflicts and peacekeeping worldwide. Summary of Romanian Armed Forces - Romania Defence Information - Navy - Army - Air Force - Romanian Defence Budget, Ministry of Defence, european defence information, . There were two military actions that started to debilitate the Power Axis forces. FILE - In this Thursday, April 10, 2014 file picture, Romanian children, visiting an airbase, wait to get a close look at a Soviet era Romanian MIG 21 fighter jet in Campia Turzii, Romania. )spirits: 2.25 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. The Air Force has also received 7 new C-27J Spartan tactical airlift aircraft, in order to replace the bulk of the old transport force. Since 1994, Romania has been actively participating in the Partnership for Peace program and on 29 March 2004, it officially joined the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). [13] General Alexandru Averescu led the Second Army in the victories of the Battle of Mrti (July 22 to August 1, 1917) and the Battle of Mreti (August 6 to September 8, 1917). The ministry said a part of the squadron, which will be named Task Force (TF) Cougar, will enter Romania at around 2000 GMT and drive across the country to the Mihail Kogalniceanu military base in . The capital of Romania is Bucharest. (2021)domestic: fixed-line teledensity is about 16 telephones per 100 persons; mobile market served by four mobile network operators; mobile-cellular teledensity over 117 telephones per 100 persons (2020)international: country code - 40; landing point for the Diamond Link Global submarine cable linking Romania with Georgia; satellite earth stations - 10; digital, international, direct-dial exchanges operate in Bucharest (2019)note: the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress toward 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services, a mixture of public and private TV stations; there are 7 public TV stations (2 national, 5 regional) using terrestrial broadcasting and 187 private TV stations (out of which 171 offer local coverage) using terrestrial broadcasting, plus 11 public TV stations using satellite broadcasting and 86 private TV stations using satellite broadcasting; state-owned public radio broadcaster operates 4 national networks and regional and local stations, having in total 20 public radio stations by terrestrial broadcasting plus 4 public radio stations by satellite broadcasting; there are 502 operational private radio stations using terrestrial broadcasting and 26 private radio stations using satellite broadcasting, total: 15,020,866 (2020 est. 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