It crosses the Himalayas through a 5181 m deep gorge near Attock, which is lying north of Nanga Parbat. "The ancient period". [9] Other name derivations include the Pali term "Tambapanni", "Tamradvipa" of Sanskrit speakers and "Taprobana" of ancient Greek cartographers. Some of the major recommendations are ensuring zero effluent discharge from the industrial units in the Eloor-Edayar stretch and zero emission from companies. Its basin is bounded by the Central India hills on the north, by the. TopSlip. The river drains into the Bay of Bengal. In 2007, the Indian government's plans to repair sewage lines were predicted to improve the water quality of the river 90% by 2010. [9], The Krishna River has 13 major tributaries. Greenpeace India describes the lower Periyar as "a cesspool of toxins, which have alarming levels of deadly poisons like DDT, endosulfan, hexa and trivalent chromium, lead, cyanide, BHC". Power generation at Idukki is minimal during the monsoon. He played an important role in the southern expansion of the Bijapur Sultanate by subjugating the Nayaka chiefs who had taken control of the former Vijayanagara territory.. Maharashtra (/ m h r t r /; Marathi: [mhara] (), abbr. Located at a distance of 15 km from Tiruchirapalli, 45 km from Tanjavur, the dam was originally constructed during the reign of Chola king Karikalan in c.150 CE. Its reservoir back water spreads up to the Dummugudem Anicut (i.e. [22] Here, east of the river channel, the undulating plateau rises up to the watershed line of the Western Ghats. The dam also permits storage of water for the dry summer period when many other reservoirs in the area are low. 1,290km (800mi)approx. into the river is a worrying aspect. [48], Due to all the diversions in its basin, the Periyar has lost 22 per cent of its average flow. Maharashtra (/ m h r t r /; Marathi: [mhara] (), abbr. The topography is completely flat and the town is a part of the fertile Cauvery Delta. Some of its sections are being developed for navigation:[43][44], Like the Ganges, the Yamuna River is highly venerated in Hinduism in the form of a river and as the goddess Yamuna. It has a total length of 861 km (535 mi) and Then it joins the Krishna near Gundimalla Village of Jogulamba Gadwal district of Telangana state. [7], To address river pollution, measures have been taken by the Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF) in 12 towns of Haryana, 8 towns of Uttar Pradesh, and Delhi, under the Yamuna Action Plan (YAP) which has been implemented since 1993 by the MoEF's National River Conservation Directorate (NRCD). Aravalli Range River System. It was formed on 1 May 1960 by splitting the bilingual Bombay State, Carp fishes found in large numbers throughout the river. 90 species of eel found in this river. Its eastern boundary is a northwest to southeast ridge separating the Idukki reservoir from the Kallar/Perinjankutty tributary of Periyar which drains the main Cardamom Hills. At the turn of the 20th century, it was fully covered by evergreen forests. This large basin lies in the states of Karnataka (113,271km2), Telangana, Andhra Pradesh (76,252km2) and Maharashtra (69,425km2). Ganga water pollution: A potential health threat to inhabitants of Ganga basin. Thamirabarani passes through the taluks of Tirunelveli and Palayamkottai of Tirunelveli district and Srivaikundam and Tiruchendur taluks of Thoothukkudi district. p167, Learn how and when to remove this template message, "Rivers of Western Ghats - Origin of Tamiraparani", "Tamil Nadu's Porunai [Thamirabarani] civilisation is 3,200 years old, says M.K. Answer: The Tajewala Barrage dam was built in 183233[timeframe?] The banks of this river have many pilgrimage sites, Nasik(MH), Bhadrachalam(TS), and Trimbak. It is still in operation. Amaravati : Right bank tributary of the Cauvery; The 925-square-kilometre (357sqmi) Periyar Tiger Reserve is mostly within this southernmost part of the Cardamom Hills. Name the Indian states which have Kaveri basin. [24], The stretch of the river from its origin at Yamunotri to Okhla barrage in Delhi is called "Upper Yamuna". As water flows non-stop throughout the year, it is one of the most fish-rich river in the world where the river is dominated by more than 16 native Snakehead species. These are mostly crowded within a stretch of 5 kilometres (3mi) in the Eloor-Edayar region (Udhyogamandal), about 10 kilometres (6mi) north of Kochi harbor. Environment International 117, 327338)", "Urban Metabolism of River Yamuna in the National Capital Territory of Delhi, India", Impact of Industrial Pollution on Yamuna River: A Review, "A 'sacred' river in India has become polluted beyond belief", "CAG castigates Delhi Govt over Yamuna river pollution", "India's rivers are drowning in pollution", "India's largest sewage treatment plant to come up at Okhla: DJB", "list of head works (Dams,_Barrages, Weirs, Anicuts, Lifts) on Yamuna/Ganga river", "Failure of Ganga, Yamuna projects, no deterrence for TN govt", "Inflow to Yamuna to be cleaned up at last", International Association of Hydrological Sciences, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yamuna&oldid=1119775752, All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English, Wikipedia articles in need of updating from November 2018, All Wikipedia articles in need of updating, All articles with vague or ambiguous time, Vague or ambiguous time from November 2018, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. Bulletin, (184), pp.1-32. The River Basin of Tapi River lies mostly in eastern and northern districts Maharashtra state. Ankali Bridge, Sangli, Maharashtra This bridge is major link between Sangli and Kolhapur districts. Palani (Tamil: or Palni as in British records, is a town and a taluk headquarters in Dindigul district of the western part of Tamil Nadu state in India.It is located about 106 kilometres (66 mi) south-east of Coimbatore and 122 kilometres (76 mi) north-west of Madurai, 67 kilometres (42 mi) from Kodaikanal.The Palani Murugan Temple or Arulmigu Dhandayuthapani Swamy Temple (Thiru [22] The Idamala gorge separates the Sholayar forests in the Nelliyampathies towards the north from the southern Anamudi Reserved Forest and High Range Plateau. It flows in a southeasterly direction through the states of Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu and. [8][9], The source of the Periyar lies high in the Western Ghats. But in India, the river passes through a region of heavy precipitation, and as such, the river carries large amounts of water during rainfall and a significant amount of silt. The total stream length inclusive of all orders in the basin is 13,291 kilometres (8,259mi). It is estimated that nearly 669 fish species found in the river. Son is the major right bank tributary and the important left bank tributaries are Ramganga, Gomati, Ghaghara, Gandak, Kosi and Mahananda. Chalakudy river itself has a catchment area of 1,704 square kilometres (658sqmi), with 1,404 square kilometres (542sqmi) in Kerala and 300 square kilometres (116sqmi) in Tamil Nadu. The dam provides irrigation water to the Nalgonda, Suryapet, Krishna, NTR, Bapatla, Eluru, Palnadu, Khammam, West Godavari, Guntur, and Prakasam districts along with electricity Answer: Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu have the Kaveri basin. Tributary rivers are listed in upstream order: the lower in the list, the more upstream. In the south, the hills reach up to the westerly spur at Chokkampatti Mala. The river supports irrigation for agriculture and is considered as a means of support of the ancient kingdoms and modern cities of South India. The Krishna-Godavari delta known as "Rice Granary of India. When the rivers originate from a hill and flow in all directions, the drainage pattern is known as radial. [citation needed], Bhilawadi town in Maharashtra has a large stone structure constructed across Krishna river bank, also known as Krishna Ghat. Fish from the family Cyprinidae dominate the variety of fish species found in the river. Kinnerasani River is an important tributary of the river Godavari. The Brahmaputra (/ b r m p u t r /), also known as the Yarlung Tsangpo in Tibet, the Siang/Dihang River in Arunachal Pradesh, Luit in Assamese, and Jamuna River in Bangladesh, is a trans-boundary river which flows through Tibet, India, and Bangladesh. "Simply by bathing in the Yamuna, anyone can diminish the reactions of his sinful activities." Many devotees visit this place from Maharashtra and Andhra Pradesh. It is constructed on the Bhavani river. After passing Paonta Sahib, Yamuna flows along the boundary of Haryana and Uttar Pradesh and after exiting Haryana it continues to flow till it merges with the river Ganges at Sangam or Prayag in Allahbad (Uttar Pradesh). Sharma, A.P., Das, M.K., Samanta, S., Paul, S.K. It receives its tributary Handri river near Kurnool. An important part of its early catchment area, totalling 2,320 square kilometres (900sqmi), lies in Himachal Pradesh. The river bifurcates near Aluva into two major distributaries; one continues to flow through Desam as Mangalappuzha and finally drains into the Lakshadweep Sea. [37], The main Periyar below the Idukki reservoir flows due north parallel to the western edge of the Idukki plateau and is joined by the Perinjakutty from the east and Muthirapuzha from the north. Snakeheads are considered as top level predators in Thamirabarani River. Beyond that point the Yamuna is joined by the Somb, a seasonal rivulet from Haryana, and by the highly polluted Hindon River near Noida, by Najafgarh drain near Wazirabad and by various other drains, so that it continues only as a trickling sewage-bearing drain before joining the Chambal at Pachnada in the Etawah District of Uttar Pradesh. Following rivers flow from the Aravalli range, both northwards to Yamuna as well as southwards to Arabian Sea. [72], The Yamuna, seen from the Taj Mahal at Agra in Uttar Pradesh, Madan Mohan temple, on the Yamuna at Vrindavan in Uttar Pradesh, 1789; the river has since shifted further away, 'Keshi Ghat' on the Yamuna at Vrindavan in Uttar Pradesh, The Yamuna near Allahabad in Uttar Pradesh, just a few kilometres before it meets the Ganges, The Yamuna near Allahabad in Uttar Pradesh, during the monsoon, Sources: Banderpoonch peak and Yamunotri glacier. For other uses, see, Path of the Krishna in the peninsular India (, Learn how and when to remove this template message, "Home | Know India: National Portal of India", "Krishna basin status report, March 2014", "Spatial variation in water supply and demand across river basins of India", "Holocene environmental changes of the Godavari Delta, east coast of India, inferred from sediment core analyses and AMS 14C dating", http://www.zpsangli.com/mr/PSInfo/3.pdf#page=2, "Flooding along the Krishna River: Natural Hazards", "Agony of Floods: Flood Induced Water Conflicts in lndia [, "Managing historic flood in the Krishna river basin in the year 2009", "T-State wants tribunal to adjudicate water disputes", "Headworks (Dam, Barrage, Weir, Anicut, Lift)", "River basin development phases and implications of closure", "IWMI Research report nos # 1, 3, 14, 56, 72, 83, 107, 111, 121, 123, 125 etc", "Technology Breakthroughs for Global water security", "Alkalinity and salinity bane of soil in T state", "Chemical weathering in the Krishna Basin and Western Ghats of the Deccan Traps, India", Annasaheb Dange College of Engineering & Technology, PRAKASH INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL SCIENCES AND RESEARCH,URUN-ISLAMPUR, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Krishna_River&oldid=1120634509, All articles with bare URLs for citations, Articles with bare URLs for citations from March 2022, Articles with PDF format bare URLs for citations, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles needing additional references from October 2021, All articles needing additional references, All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2021, Articles needing additional references from April 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2018, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. African Catfish are an invasive species first caught in 2009 in the Aruvankulam area of Tirunelveli district. A. Chambal B. Yamuna C. Son D. Periyar. As most of its extensive catchment areas lie in the Western Ghats, the river enjoys the full benefit of both the monsoons, which make the river perennial. The Mahanadi River System [58], South of the Mullaperiyar reservoir, at the source of Periyar River, there is an unbroken stretch of about 350 square kilometres (140sqmi) of sheltered, unmodified rainforests within the Periyar Tiger Reserve. [37], The main canal is 86 kilometres (53mi) long. It is known for creating the calamity in Assam and Bangladesh. It enters the Indian Territory in Jammu and Kashmir by forming a picturesque gorge. [51][52] The river is referred to as Asita in some historical texts.[53]. Robert Knox. the most common one is Acanthocobitis botia and Horseface loach. Kallanai (also known as the Grand Anicut) is an ancient dam.It is built (in running water) across the Kaveri river flowing from Tiruchirapalli District to Thanjavur district, Tamil Nadu, India.The dam located in Thanjavur district. It is one of the major rivers of peninsular India. In Hinduism she is the daughter of the sun god, Surya, and the sister of Yama, the god of death, and so is also known as Yami. Kinnerasani River is an important tributary of the river Godavari. The Krishna River has 13 major tributaries. The hymn also praises her for being the source of all spiritual abilities. The area belonging to Tamil Nadu in the Periyar basin is located far down the river from the Mullaperiyar Dam site. Yadur is one of the important holy places in Karnataka which is located on the bank of Krishna. Periyar, IPA:[peijr], (meaning: big river) is the longest river and the river with the largest discharge potential in the Indian state of Kerala. Yamuna is one of the National Waterways of India, designated as NW110 in Haryana, Delhi and Uttar Pradesh. The ecology and fishery status of river Yamuna. Properly defined it excludes shoals between seasonally varying flows and may exclude semi-coastal islands such as in deltas.. The Krishna and Malaprabha rivers merge here. [56], The Parambikulam Aliyar Project (PAP) agreement was conceived to harness and share the waters in the inter-State rivers in Bharathappuzha, Chalakkudypuzha and Periyar basins. Sand mining in this river was banned in 2010 but it still continues illegally. The Edayar branch of Periyar caters to the needs of these industries. During wetter portions of the year, these, While entering the plains, they form depositional features like. Arabian sea drainage (Rivers that drain into the Arabian sea)(West flowing rivers). It is the birthplace of Sri Adi Shankara, the Hindu philosopher who consolidated the doctrine of Advaita Vedanta. TopSlip. It has a total length of 861 km (535 mi) and It flows through the states Maharashtra, Karnataka, Telangana and Andhra Pradesh before flowing into the Bay of Bengal. The control and safety of the Mullaperiyar dam on the river and the validity and fairness of the corresponding lease agreement have been points of dispute between Kerala and Tamil Nadu states. The church is dedicated to St. Thomas, who is believed to have prayed at this shrine. It is one of the most important rivers of peninsular India with the run from east to west. Son is the major right bank tributary and the important left bank tributaries are Ramganga, Gomati, Ghaghara, Gandak, Kosi and Mahananda. Bhavani, Amravati and Hemavati. The Krishna River has 13 major tributaries. It is located in Uttar Pradesh. Its principal tributaries include the Ghataprabha River, Malaprabha River, Bhima River, Tungabhadra River and Musi River. Streams follow the path of least resistance and thus are concentrated in places where exposed rock is the weakest. Nagarjuna Sagar Dam is a masonry dam across the Krishna River at Nagarjuna Sagar which straddles the border between Nalgonda district in Telangana and Palnadu district in Andhra Pradesh. Then it joins the Krishna near Gundimalla Village of Jogulamba Gadwal district of Telangana state. This is an item of austerity. Thamirabarani River is full of fishes and it is one of the perennial rivers in Tamil Nadu. The dam provides irrigation water to the Nalgonda, Suryapet, Krishna, NTR, Bapatla, Eluru, Palnadu, Khammam, West Godavari, Guntur, and Prakasam districts along with electricity No tracking or performance measurement cookies were served with this page. The landscape on the Periyar Plateau portion of Elephant Reserve 10 maintains the most intact elephant range in Southern India. It has an annual flow of 97 billion cubic metres, and nearly 4 billion cubic metres are consumed every year (of which irrigation constitutes 96%). The river is known as theTsangpo in Tibet. It flows through Sangli and drains the sea in the Bay of Bengal. A small river, Lokapavani, a tributary of Kaveri flows by the hill. Efforts have been made to prevent soil erosion on the banks of river periyar at Aluva Sivarathri manappuram (sand bank) through afforestation programs headed by renowned environmentalist, Prof. S. Sitaraman, since 1992. [4][5][6] A meaning for the term following its derivation became "copper-colored leaf", from the words Thamiram (copper/red) in Tamil/Sanskrit and parani meaning leaf/tree, translating to "river of red leaves". The first tributary to join Thamirabarani in the plains is the Manimuthar River, which originating from Manjolai hills and joins Thamirabarani near Aladiyoor village. The sub-plateau extends north from near Ayyappankoil to near Neriamangalam. The Idamala and Pooyamkutty rivers drain most of this section while its southern edge drains into the main Periyar. Veerabhadra temple is a famous temple. Name the Indian states which have Kaveri basin. This includes Indian carp and also invasive species from the family. The river take 60hours to travel from Tajewala to Delhi, thus allowing a two-day advance flood warning period. The Pachaiyar River which originates from the Kalakkadu reserve forests at about 1,300 metres (4,300ft) above sea level joins the Thamirabarani near Tharuvai village in Palayamkottai Taluk. "Understanding the 42-year-old Idukki dam which is now saving Kerala", "Growth response of phytoplankton exposed to industrial effluents in River Periyar", "Mullaperiyar: Kerala contests TN's rights over river", "Report of the Empowered Committee of the Supreme Court on Mullaperiyar Dam", "Mullaperiyar deal unsustainable: Kerala", "Mullaperiyar pact legally unsustainable, says Kerala; Justifies fixing water level at 136 ft", "Final legal arguments submitted by Kerala", "GROUND WATER INFORMATION BOOKLET OF IDUKKI DISTRICT, KERALA", "Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary/Periyar Tiger Reserve", "Periyar Tiger Reserve -> Values of P.T.R. Flowing through the Dakpathar Barrage, the water is diverted into a canal for power generation. [45] The basin has an inverted "L" shape with a maximum width at the intersection. On the tributary of which river has Riband Dam been constructed? Pilgrims travel by boats to platforms erected in midstream to offer prayers. Name the second biggest waterfall in India which is made by River Kaveri. A southwest to northeast ridge called the Chekuthan Mala separates the Idukki Sub-plateau from the Peermade Plateau as well as the main mass of Cardamom Hills. Himalayan rivers, Deccan rivers, and Coastal rivers that drain into the sea. [56] This decision meant that polluting or damaging the rivers is equivalent to harming a person. A 2016 study shows that there is 100% urban metabolism of River Yamuna as it passes through the National Capital Territory (NCT) of Delhi. approx 150 km back from Polavaram dam on main The river has many tributaries called Arkavathy, Shimsha, Hemavati, Kapila, Shimsha, Honnuhole, Amaravati, Lakshmana Kabini, Lokapavani, Bhavani, Noyyal, and Tirtha. [62] The Yamuna is particularly polluted downstream of New Delhi, the capital of India, which dumps about 58% of its waste into the river. Northern Snakehead also found in small numbers on the starting part of river where top level predators like other snakeheads are missing. B. Soundatti Bridge, Raibag This is also one of the oldest bridges built during the British rule. In 1659, the Bijapur government sent Afzal Khan to subjugate Shivaji, a former vassal who had started Rises in the northwest corner of India proper and meet the Indus very near, where the latter bends towards the southwest Bhavani Sagar Reservoir is located on it; Forms a short boundary between Karnataka and Tamil Nadu. [11][citation needed], The Krishna Basin extends over an area of 258,948km2 (99,980sqmi) which is nearly 8% of the total geographical area of the country. [48][49], The Periyar valley Irrigation project in Ernakulam district envisages the utilization of the tail race discharge from the completed Hydel scheme in the Muthirapuzha tributary of river Periyar together with the controlled release from Ennackal dam constructed by Kerala State Electricity Board under Hydel scheme across the Idamalayar tributary and the dependable run off from the uncontrolled catchment of Periyar river, for irrigating an area of 32,800 hectares (81,000 acres) of land lying on the left bank of Periyar river through a network of canal system and controlling devices. - London. The Krishna River has 13 major tributaries. East Flowing Small rivers. The Kaveri (also known as Cauvery, the anglicized name) is one of the major Indian rivers flowing through the states of Karnataka and Tamil Nadu. You cannot access byjus.com. The last barrage across the Yamuna river is the Mathura barrage at Gokul to supply its drinking water. The Pindar River rises from East Trishul and Nanda Devi unite with the Alaknanda at Karan Prayag. This shrine has now been accorded an international pilgrimage station. This is a list of rivers in India.Rivers that flow into the sea are sorted geographically, along the coast starting from the Bay of Bengal in the east, moving along the Indian coast southward to Kanyakumari, then northward along the Arabian Sea. On the other hand, the landscape has also witnessed a variety of developmental activities including commercial plantations, hydroelectric and irrigation projects and other forms of infrastructural development that impede the movement of elephants. The drainage system of the river stretches between Giri-Sutlej catchment in Himachal and Yamuna-Bhilangna catchment in Garhwal, also draining the ridge of Shimla. Kallanai (also known as the Grand Anicut) is an ancient dam.It is built (in running water) across the Kaveri river flowing from Tiruchirapalli District to Thanjavur district, Tamil Nadu, India.The dam located in Thanjavur district. The flood resulted in heavy damage to Kurnool, Mahabubnagar, Guntur, Krishna and Nalagonda Districts. Downstream of this barrage, many pumping stations are constructed to feed the river water for irrigation needs. [9] The Tungabhadra River has a catchment area of 71,417km2 (27,574sqmi) and a length of 531km (330mi). The Thamirabarani or Tamraparni or Porunai is a perennial river that originates from the Agastyarkoodam peak of Pothigai hills of the Western Ghats, above Papanasam in the Ambasamudram taluk. Supply of water for drinking and industrial purposes are met by a portion of storage water by the barrage of Bhoothathankettu. In its early course, the river flows in a narrow north sloping valley starting from the Chokkampatti hills and extending north about 25 kilometres (16mi), with a number of sharp lateral ridges running down to it from east and west. It is located in Uttar Pradesh. Locals not involved in fishing resulting in the vast diversity of fishes in the river. Before it reaches Devprayag in the Garhwal Division, the Mandakini, Pindar, the Dhauliganga and the Bishenganga rivers merge into the Alaknanda, and the Bheling drain into the Bhagirathi. Because of the presence of huge number of native Snakehead fishes, the Alligator Gar invasion is not spreading and under control. Illegal encroachments of its banks is also a growing concern. The flora of the reserve is very rich and diverse. It is less than 20 kilometres (12mi) wide and is about 40 kilometres (25mi) long. [7] As of 2019, the river receives 800million litres of largely untreated sewage and additional 44million litres of industrial effluents each day, of which only 35 percent of the sewage released into the river are believed to be treated. According to popular legends, bathing in its sacred waters frees one from the torments of death. (Srimad Bhagavatam 11.6.19), "According to the Varaha Purana as quoted by Srila Jiva Gosvami, there is no difference between the water of the Ganges and the Yamuna, but when the water of the Ganges is sanctified one hundred times, it is called the Yamuna. The plant is predicted to be able to treat 124million gallons of wastewater per day, amounting to a daily removal of 41,200kg of organic pollutants as well as 61,600kg of solids.[69]. The major rivers of India are: It flows in a westward direction, draining some important historic places like Madhya Pradeshs Nimar region, East Vidarbha region and Maharashtras Khandesh in the northwest corner of the Deccan Plateau and South Gujarat before draining into the Gulf of Cambay of the Arabian Sea. Properly defined it excludes shoals between seasonally varying flows and may exclude semi-coastal islands such as in deltas.. This portion of the Periyar basin is drier than all other west sloping parts of the Western Ghats. [57][58] Species of non-native Tilapia have become established in the river. The Thamirabarani or Tamraparni or Porunai is a perennial river that originates from the Agastyarkoodam peak of Pothigai hills of the Western Ghats, above Papanasam in the Ambasamudram taluk. Most of this basin comprises rolling and undulating country, except for the western border, which is formed by an unbroken line of the Western Ghats. Sirsa Branch, the largest branch of the WYC, constructed in 18891895. [8], The present Sarsuti river which originates in the Shivalik hills in Himachal and Haryana border and merges with Ghaggar River near Pehowa is the palaeochannel of Yamuna.
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