ASHRAE Research Project, Final Report. These interactive sessions will be scheduled from 5:00 5:30 p.m. Smith, A., N. Lott, and R. Vose. Wind data for design of smoke control systems (RP-816). Do I have to be registered for the Virtual Annual Conference to attend a committee meeting? ASHRAE Research Project. ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 169-2013. In short, the Professional Development Track will cover all aspects of business outside of engineering/technical applications and lends itself to interactive session types such as workshops and forums. Display frequency vectors and joint frequency matrices in the form of numerical tables. Live Sessions Available for Attendees Across the Globe! Schoenau, G.J., and R.A. Kehrig. Standard deviation of average daily temperature, C. (CD-ROM). Then tdb,1 = 91.6 0.75 20.2 = 76.5F. Global historical climatology networkDaily. Participants will be able to ask questions using the chat feature. Updating the ASHRAE climatic data for design and standards (RP-1453). 1990. 1998. ASHRAE. 1990. Thank you to the following sponsors of the 2021 Virtual Annual Conference! climate.weatheroffice.ec.gc.ca. ASHRAE. U.S. 2013. The standard deviation values represent a measure of uncertainty of the design temperatures relative to the design temperature for the entire period of record. For detailed designs, custom analysis of the most appropriate long-term weather record is best. Cooling degree days CDDb to base Tb are calculated by the same equation: Alternative Equations. Geographically, increases in average dry-bulb temperature were most visible throughout Europe, in China and southeast Asia, the eastern United States, and southern Australia, and are typically in the range of 0.36 to 1.08F per decade. Attendees can unmute themselves and communicate with one another via their microphone and/or webcam. Priddy. 2013. Design values reflect an estimate of the cumulative frequency of occurrence of the weather conditions at the recording station, either for single or jointly occurring elements, for several years into the future. 2002. Mesoscale climate modeling procedure development and performance evaluation (RP-1561). Wind speed and direction are very sensitive to local exposure features such as terrain and surface cover. 2015. A comparison of methods of fitting the double exponential distribution. (1998) compiled extreme sequences of 1-, 3-, 5-, and 7-day duration for 239 U.S. and 144 Canadian locations based independently on the following five criteria: high dry-bulb temperature, high dew-point temperature, high enthalpy, low dry-bulb temperature, and low wet-bulb depression. Do you want to be kept up-do-date about activities of TC 4.2, even if you are not a member? ANSI/ASHRAE, NCDC. Academic Press, Toronto. 84th American Meteorological Society Annual Meeting, Seattle, WA. 1997. COVID-19 Particle Removal by Air Filter Devices. Nash. It is a recommendation of this research that we revisit and improve our procedures for dealing with erroneous data for the 2025 update. 2000. Wilcox, S., and W. Marion. 2013. 2008. This is partly shown by the results of an analysis of design conditions conducted as part of calculating the values for the 2009 edition of this chapter (Thevenard 2009). Geoscientific Model Development 8:1339-1356. 1997. The study showed that statistically significant increases in average dry-bulb temperature can be detected in only 19% of stations on an individual basis. Deriving Hourly Design-Day Temperatures. During the 1990s, most data gathering in the United States and Canada was converted to automated systems designated either an automated surface observation system (ASOS) or an automated weather observing system (AWOS). The IWEC2s were developed through ASHRAE RP-1477, which used the same source of raw weather data (ISD; Lott et al. Calculate heating and cooling degree-days to any base, using the method of Schoenau and Kehrig (1990). Additional slots were added to the schedule for the 2021 Virtual Annual Conference. 1999. The quality control of the integrated surface hourly database. Attendees will be able to unmute themselves and turn their webcam on to ask questions during these sessions as well as use the chat box feature. 20 (CLIM20), monthly station climate summaries for 1971 to 2000 are climatic station summaries of particular interest to engineering, energy, industry, and agricultural applications (NCDC 2004). The integrated surface database: Recent developments and partnerships. Calculate heating and cooling degree-days (base 59F) for Atlanta for the month of October. D.B. 2007). Weather Data Viewer 2021 also implements various calculation methods found in the ASHRAE Handbook, such as those for return period minimum/maximum temperatures, degree-days to any base, design day profiles including clear sky solar radiation, and decadal trends in some of the key design values. ASHRAE CLIMATIC DESIGN CONDITIONS 2009/2013/2017/2021. Updated every four years, the chapter is updated with recent, reliable climate data to help building professionals size and design building components. The 8th annual research summit invites researchers to share those results, including ASHRAE-sponsored research and research of interest to the ASHRAE community. Recognition of award recipients of ASHRAEs most prestigious Society awards. ASHRAE. Although 50 and 65F represent the most commonly used bases for the calculation of degree-days, calculation to other bases may be necessary. Shaping Tomorrow's Built Environment Today, Officers, Directors, Councils, Committees, Staff, Science and Technology for the Built Environment, Instructor-Led Training Seminar and Short Courses, Self-Directed Learning / Group Learning Texts, Criteria for Annual Conference City Selection. ASHRAE Transactions 120(2). 4. How do I access the technical program content? Gueymard, C.A. Accompanying information allows the user to go back to the source data and obtain sequences with different characteristics (e.g., different probability of occurrence, windy conditions, low or high solar radiation). Where these changes are deemed statistically significant, we now report the decadal trends for some of the key design elements. This course will not be recorded and archived for later viewing. Users manual for TMY3 data sets. Articles and reports are also available for purchase by nonmembers in the online ASHRAE Bookstore at www.ashrae.org/bookstore. Presenting Sponsors include: The 2021 Virtual Annual Conferences Meeting of the Members includes an update on the State of the Society by ASHRAE President, Chuck Gulledge and the Secretarys Report from ASHRAE Executive Vice President, Jeff Littleton, including an overview of the proposed bylaws amendment. ASHRAE Research Project. Harriman, L.G., D.G. 2004. For access to ISD, go to www.ncdc.noaa.gov/isd or, for a GIS interface, gis.ncdc.noaa.gov/map/viewer/. ASHRAE Transactions 120(1):340-355. Rienecker, M.M., et al. We are very receptive to hearing how design engineers use the data, how it feeds into their workflows, and more importantly what is missing. GHCN. This update will see that number rise to 9,237 stations. Why is the updated climatic data important? This warming causes a knock-on effect: heating and cooling degree days decrease and rise, respectively, leading to changes in the classification of climate zones, resulting in code changes, and ending in building and equipment design adaption. ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 169-2013. 1996. Applied Optics 28:4735-4738. The following formulas from ISO Standard 15927-6 give results very similar to Equations (32) and (36) but are somewhat simpler: When T = Tb, the right-hand side of these equations become Chapter 20, Space Air Diffusion: terminology updates, Chapter 23, Insulation for Mechanical Systems: new discussion of insulation system moisture resistance, Chapter 24, Airflow Around Buildings: new equation for wind-induced pressure difference between indoor and outdoor environments, Chapter 31, Physical Properties of Secondary Coolants (Brines): expanded discussion on service considerations, Chapter 34, Energy Resources: updated figures and discussion of energy resources to reflect recent consumption figures, Chapter 35, Sustainability: new discussion of commissioning, Chapter 38, Measurement and Instruments: new coverage of resistance sensors and vortex shedding in airflow measurement. The 2017 chapter saw the publication of 8,118 stations. A base sponsorship starts at $3,000 and includes benefits such as a sponsor kiosk in the Virtual Conference Environment Sponsor Hall, logo visibility, complimentary registrations and more! International Panel on Climate Change, World Meteorological Organization, Geneva. Topics include: The Research Summit will be held on Wednesday, June 30 in the afternoon. on site on the map and get nearest weather stations! Participants will need to be present during the live course to participate and earn PDHs. Solar irradiation of surfaces on clear days. Long:50.67E. Professional Development: As members of a professional organization, we not only participate for the great value of technical exchange, but also the interpersonal exchange. In Climatography of the United States #81. Contact the TC 04.02 chair at, TC0402 Las Vegas Winter Meeting Draft Minutes 20220201, TC0402 Virtual Annual Meeting Minutes 20210623, TC0402 Virtual Winter Meeting Minutes 20210119, https://xp20.ashrae.org/StationFinder/StationFinder.htm, Main committee meeting (in-person and virtual), For remote participation information, please visit the. Monthly average clear-sky broadband irradiance database for worldwide solar heat gain and building cooling load calculations. 2004) investigated the uncertainty associated with the climatic design conditions in the 2001 ASHRAE Handbook. Molod, A., L. Takacs, M. Suarez, and J. Bacmeister. 2004. MERRA: NASAs Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications. 2016. Regardless of the reasons for increases, the general approach of developing design conditions based on analysis of the recent record (25 years, in this case) was specifically adopted for updating the values in this chapter as a balance between accounting for long-term trends and the sampling variation caused by year-to-year variation. Lamming, S.D., and J.R. Salmon. Temperatures, Degree-Days, and Degree-Hours. 2013. The American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) puts out updated design-day or what they call Climatic Design Conditions every four years in the Fundamentals Handbook. Please ensure meetings@ashrae.org is in your safe list. A more recent study by Thevenard and Shephard (2014), using stations used in the 2013 edition of this chapter, looked at trends for yearly average dry-bulb temperature and other quantities over the 1986 to 2010 period using statistical methods. The difference between local and solar time can easily be 1 or 2 h, depending on site longitude and whether daylight saving time is in effect. Display frequency distribution and the cumulative frequency distribution functions in graphical form. Display hourly binned dry-bulb temperature data. Were there any surprises or unforeseen challenges for you when preparing this research? Uncertainty versus Period Length for Various Dry-Bulb Temperatures, by Climate Type. ASHRAE offers three tiers of Company packages that accommodate discounted pricing. 2008. This track will also address reducing consumption of energy & water and compare how crop types and animal species impact HVAC analysis and design. 2005. The . The data represent a typical year with respect to weather-induced energy loads on a building. Oke, T.R. Temperatures recorded in these areas may be significantly different from built-up areas where the design conditions are being applied. Technical Report NREL/TP-581-41364. The statistics include means, medians (precipitation and snow elements), extremes, mean number of days exceeding threshold values, and heating, cooling, and growing degree-days for various temperature bases. The sessions will be presented in PechaKucha-style, allowing each presenting author to summarize their paper in 2 minutes with 1 slide. Any extensive out-of-sequence updates in future will be posted to ASHRAE Handbook Online as a supplemental feature. A method for calculating degree-days to any base temperature. These biases are judged to be negligible for HVAC engineering purposes; the tabulated design conditions in this chapter were derived from mixed automated and manual data as available. Design conditions for BATON ROUGE, LA, USA Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec % Jul Sep Oct Apr May % Jan Jul Nov Apr n=5 years May Jun n=10 years n=20 years Extreme Max WB Hottest month 1% Extreme Annual DB Mean Dehumidification DP/MCDB and HR 0.4% 1% Extreme Annual WS Hottest month DB range Dec % Jan Feb Mar Feb Mar % Aug Jun 2% 0.4% Evaporation WB/MCDB 0.4 . visit the ASHRAE home page at, ASHRAE Perez, R., P. Ineichen, R. Seals, J. Michalsky, and R. Stewart. ASHRAE research project RP-1171 (Hubbard et al. Dont worry! Differing periods used in the analysis can lead to differences in design conditions between nearby locations at similar elevations. 2003. Gueymard, C.A. www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/wg1/ar4-wg1-spm.pdf. The CD is available at gcmd.nasa.gov/records/GCMD_gov.noaa.ncdc.C00268.aspx. You can still register and have access to recordings of the live sessions, view the on-demand sessions and download the conference papers. 2013. Sequences of extreme temperature and humidity for design calculations. Plantico, M. 2001. The American Society of Heating Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) provides multiple sets of outside air (OA) design values in its Fundamentals Handbook published every four. NREL. 2013. Weather data viewer, version 6.0. Rienecker, M.M., et al. Estimation and extrapolation of climate normals and climatic trends. TC 4.2 identifies, researches, analyzes, and disseminates climatic data for design of sustainable built environments. The Meeting of the Members will also include special awards presentations for recipients of the prestigious Louise & Bill Holladay Distinguished Fellow Award and the Andrew T. Boggs Award. Stations in the 2013, 2017, and 2021 edition of the ASHRAE Handbook of Fundaments. 2004. NCDC. 3. Updating climatic design data in the 2017 ASHRAE HandbookFundamentals (RP-1699). Lowery, M.D., and J.E. 2007. Colliver, D.G., R.S. The nearest hour to the AST is 23, yielding a Table 6 profile value of 0.75. This update sees the development of a web interface into the climatic data for the ASHRAE membership, which allows ASHRAE members to select a weather station via a map and download the design conditions and visualization/analysis toolsall through a few clicks. The smallest uncertainty is 0.4F for the tropical rainy 1% and 2% dry-bulb cases. Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 46: 1759-1776. Weather data for building design standards. National solar radiation database, 1991-2010 update: Users manual. Updating climatic design data in Chapter 14 of the 2013 Handbook of Fundamentals (RP-1613). ASHRAE Research Project. 2009 2013 2017 2021. ISO. Future Proofing - Renewable, Regenerative, and Resilient: The HVAC&R industry faces many challenges including climate change, pandemics, natural disasters, catastrophic accidents, and terrorism. Solution: From Table 1, the July 5% dry-bulb design conditions for Atlanta are DB = 91.6F and MCWB = 74.3F. Generation of hourly design-day weather data (RP-1363). Corrections to the 2018, 2019, and 2020 Handbook volumes can be found on the ASHRAE website at www.ashrae.org and in the Additions and Corrections section of this volume. Just right click. Reader comments are welcomed. Data documentation for data set 3505 (DSI-3505) integrated surface hourly (ISH) data. Equation (32) then gives, For cooling degree-days, Zb = 0.651. Thevenard, D., J. Lundgren, and R. Humphries. Design, Control, and Operation of Critical Environments: Critical environments often present design, control, and operation challenges that require innovation, attention to detail, and a thorough understanding of the intended operational parameters. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 92(6):704. National Climatic Data Center, Asheville, NC. Updating climatic design data in the 2017. Vinnikov, M.M. Environment Canada. ASHRAE Research Project, Final Report. The 2021 ASHRAE HandbookFundamentals covers basic principles and data used in the HVAC&R industry. With psychrometric formulas, derive tdp,1 = 66.7F. 1998. Canadian 1971-2000 climate normals. Total yearly hours: 8,760 hours. The database of over 20,000 stations contains hourly and some daily summary data from as early as 1900 (many stations beginning in the 19481973 timeframe), is operationally updated each day with the latest available data, and is now being further integrated with various data sets from the United States and other countries to further expand the spatial and temporal coverage of the data. Additional Moist-Air Properties. This CD contains several tabular and graphical summaries of temperature, humidity, and wind speed information for hundreds of locations in the United States and around the world. The role of climatological normals in a changing climate. Rising to meet these challenges are a host of technologies and strategies, including grid-enabled buildings, demand response, decarbonization, resiliency, zero energy design, energy-efficiency and renewable energy systems. F14 -- Climatic Design Information (SI) Book by ASHRAE, 2021 View all product details Most Recent Track It Language: Available Formats Options Availability Priced From ( in USD ) PDF Immediate download $69.00 Add to Cart Customers Who Bought This Also Bought F09 -- Thermal Comfort (I-P) Priced From $62.00 F15 -- Fenestration (I-P) In. Lott, J.N., R. Baldwin, and P. Jones. The ASHRAE Technical Committees that prepare these chapters provide new information, clarify existing content, delete obsolete materials, and reorganize chapters to make the Handbook more understandable and easier to use. ), Hourly dry-bulb temp. Hubbard, K., K. Kunkel, A. DeGaetano, and K. Redmond. U.S. What lessons, facts and/or guidance can an engineer working in the field take away from ASHRAE RP-1847, Updating Climatic Design Information for the 2021 ASHRAE Handbook, Standard 169, and the Handbook of Smoke Control Engineering? For the criteria associated with high values, the sequences are selected according to annual percentiles of 0.4, 1.0, and 2.0. The map of all 9,237 sites for which climatic design information is available is available through the following link: https://xp20.ashrae.org/StationFinder/StationFinder.htm, 2022 This website describes the activities of the ASHRAE Technical Committee 4.2, Climatic Information. The solar radiation data are derived from satellite data, and the environmental data are downscaled from the MERRA reanalysis data set derived from a large climate forecasting model (Rienecker et al. Annual degree-days to selected bases (1971-2000). Crawley Consulting, Washington, D.C. Diamond, H., T. Karl, M. Palecki, C. Baker, J. Roundtables and Meet Ups are small group sessions hosted and moderated by Society grassroots committees and are meant to bring attendees together for an interactive discussion. Belcher, B.N., and A.T. DeGaetano. 2011. 1990. No explicit effort was made to represent extreme conditions, so these files do not represent design conditions. 2002. Climatic data for building design standards. ASHRAE is not responsible for this sites content. Career Development hosted by Certification Committee, Standards Roundtable: Why Standards Matter - and other mysteries of the Universe Explained without consensus, Communications Meet Up: How to Communicate in a Virtual World, bEQ Roundtable: Enhancing Building EQ As Designed Rating with Standard 90.1. The Climatography of the United States No. Climatic data for building design standards. In, Data documentation for data set 3505 (DSI-3505) integrated surface hourly (ISH) data, Thevenard, D., and R. Humphries. For example, the highest uncertainty of any climate type for a 10-year period is 2.0F for the cold snow forest 99% dry-bulb case. Estimation and extrapolation of climate normals and climatic trends. Indoor Air Quality and ASHRAE Standard 62.1 will be presented live in the virtual conference venue. Eskes, H., et al. ASHRAE Transactions 104(1A):742-751. Inness, A., et al. Table9Locations Representing Various Climate Types. c. 99.6 percent design values represent winter design conditions that, on average, are exceeded fewer than 35 hours annually below stated conditions. Most of the observed data for which design conditions were calculated were collected from airport observing sites, the majority of which are flat, grassy, open areas, away from buildings and trees or other local influences. ASHRAEs International Weather for Energy Calculations (IWEC2) data set (Huang et al. What if I have multiple employees from my company that want to register for the Virtual Winter Conference? The research project included the methodology based on the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model designed to develop site-specific climate data where standard weather stations are unavailable or not representative of site conditions. where N is the number of days in the month and Zb is the difference between monthly average temperature T and base temperature Tb, normalized by the standard deviation of the daily average temperature sd: Function f is the normal (Gaussian) probability density function with mean 0 and standard deviation 1, and function F is the equivalent cumulative normal probability function: Both f and F are readily available as built-in functions in many scientific calculators or spreadsheet programs, so their manual calculation is rarely warranted. The MACC reanalysis: An 8 yr data set of atmospheric composition. The quality control of the integrated surface hourly database. The role of climatological normals in a changing climate. The grid spacing for this source of data is about 2.5 miles, and currently covers North America up to 50 N, as well as a part of South America down to 10 S. Various types of TMY data are available there, currently for the period 1998 to 2014, as well as each historical year within that time period, with anticipated annual updates. On-demand seminars and conference papers will be made available at the start of the conference, and the live portion will contain a mix of standalone and concurrent sessions, similar to the schedule of the 2021 Virtual Winter Conference. Qiu, X., M. Roth, H. Corbett-Hains, and F. Yang. Information supplementary to this chapter may also be posted on the ASHRAE Technical Committee 4.2 website, the link to which is available from the ASHRAE website (www.ashrae.org). Globally there continues to be a persistent trend toward warming. ASHRAE Handbook -- FundamentalsChapter: Climatic Design Information. As in previous editions, we look forward to hearing how designers are using this information and anticipate evolving the reporting in the next edition based on this feedback. This track invites papers, abstracts, seminars and forums that highlight the innovative technologies and strategies that are reimagining our relationship with the built environment now and into the future. NREL. ASHRAE Research Project. This informs other standards for determining requirements, such as for insulation, said Michael Roth, Ph.D., P.Eng., Member ASHRAE. IPCC. Climate impact on agriculture. The monthly frequency distribution of dry-bulb temperatures and mean coincident wet-bulb temperatures for 134 Canadian locations is available from Environment Canada (19831987). Whether it is unit conversions, equipment failing when too hot or too cold, missing data or stations that aren't where the stations think they are, the list is endless. Wind data for design of smoke control systems. Priddy. Environmental parameters for indoor agriculture, including controlling temperature, humidity, air movement, air quality will be covered. MERRA: NASAs Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications. 84th American Meteorological Society Annual Meeting, Seattle, WA. Psychrometric Calculator. Burkes, and H. Zhang. A web version of this product is now available free of charge from NCDC at www7.ncdc.noaa.gov/CDO/cdoselect.cmd?datasetabbv=SUMMARIES. The climatic design information in this chapter was obtained by direct analysis of observations from the indicated locations. Revised optical air mass tables and approximation formula. Join us for 2021-2022 Society President Mick Schwedlers Presidential Address: Personal Growth. The frequency tables used to calculate the simple design conditions, and the joint frequency matrices used to calculate the coincident design conditions, are available in ASHRAEs Weather Data Viewer 6.0 (WDView 6.0) (ASHRAE 2017). Dew-point temperature increases were most visible in eastern Europe, whereas decreases were experienced in the southern United States and South America. Papers and presentations will also address how controls systems, smart building technologies, and security systems and other technologies are adapting to the emerging needs of critical environments. Huang, Y.J., F.X. Monthly normals of temperature, precipitation, and heating and cooling degree-days. This track provides opportunities for papers and presentations of varying levels across a large topic base. While a virtual environment cannot completely fill the void of in-person connections, attendees can still connect with conference sponsors directly and live in the virtual conference environment. Journal of Climate 24:3624-3648. journals.ametsoc.org/doi/full/10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00015.1. ), Table8Derived Hourly Temperatures for Atlanta, GA for July for 5% Design Conditions, F. Principal station data. Please refer to the ASHRAE Climate Data Center for all these products. Shaping Tomorrow's Built Environment Today, ----------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------, Click on the topics below for more information, Officers, Directors, Councils, Committees, Staff, Science and Technology for the Built Environment, Instructor-Led Training Seminar and Short Courses, Self-Directed Learning / Group Learning Texts, Criteria for Annual Conference City Selection. The Canadian Climate Normals (updated every 10 years; the most recent values are for the 19812010 period) can be found at climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_normals/index_e.aspx. Comparison of one-year ASOS and manual records revealed some biases in dry-bulb temperature, dew-point temperature, and wind speed. It does not present official positions of the Society nor reflect Society policy. ET on Monday, June 28 and Tuesday, June 29. ASHRAE. (2007) and WMO (2007) provide detailed analyses and recommendations in this regard. Lamming, S.D., and J.R. Salmon. . ASHRAE. www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/ghcn-daily/ and ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/ghcn/daily/. Extrapolating design conditions to the next few decades based on observed trends should only be done with attention to the particular climate element and the regional and temporal characteristics of observed trends (Livezey et al. RP-1171 analyzed data records from 14 U.S. locations (Table 9) representing four different climate types. Iqbal, M. 1983. Harriman, L.G., D.G. The solar radiation data are derived from GOES satellites and the environmental data are downscaled from MERRA reanalysis data set. National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO. www.nrel.gov/docs/fy08osti/43156.pdf. For online references to applied climatologists in the United States, see wcdirectory.ametsoc.org/certified-consulting-meteorologists; in Canada, consult cmos.ca/client/roster/clientRosterView.aspx?clientRosterId=190. The 1981 to 2010 climate normals for over 6000 United States locations are available online (free of charge) from the National Climatic Data Center: gis.ncdc.noaa.gov/map/viewer/. Standard 169 is a comprehensive source for a variety of climatic information used in the design, planning, and sizing of buildings' energy systems and equipment. National Climatic Data Center, Asheville, NC. ASHRAE Research Project, Final Report. ASHRAE. Figure4. Development of degree day and degree hour data for international locations. For the warm season, the 10-year period durations corresponding to the 0.4, 1, and 2% design dry bulb, are about 10, 12, and 15 h, respectively. Information on this product can be found at www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/documentlibrary/pdf/eis/clim20eis.pdf. 2001. Find the direct, diffuse and ground-reflected components of clear-sky solar irradiance on the skylight in Example 6. Changes in the location of the observing instruments often have a larger effect than changes in instrumentation. On-demand seminars and conference papers will be made available at the start of the conference, and the live portion will contain a mix of standalone and concurrent sessions, similar to the schedule of the 2021 Virtual Winter Conference. Research Summit: Active research, and the exchange of those research findings, are critical to the development of our HVAC&R industry and built environment. The 2021 Virtual Annual conference will focus on criticalenvironments, hot climates, and future proofing. 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