Now Marc Romanych and Martin Rupp have produced an excellent corrective. At the time, it was the largest artillery piece of its kind in the world and a closely guarded secret. Excellent coverage of a neglected but important aspect of World War I, Reviewed in the United States on January 31, 2014. [33] From 7 to 9 October, the Belgian army fled from Antwerp and the city surrendered on 10 October. artillery battery krupp Cinema 4D: $75. Brief content visible, double tap to read full content. Big Bertha. The model can be seen at the Paris Army Museum Big Bertha (German language: Dicke Bertha ) literal translation "Thick (or fat) Bertha" is the name of a type of super-heavy howitzer developed by the famous armaments manufacturer Krupp in Germany on the eve of World War I. This giant weapon stood at 4.5 meters tall 10 meters in length, and 4.7 meters in breadth. These were towed by purpose-built, gas-powered tractors as the wagons were too heavy to be pulled by horses. Published on Aug 31st, 2018, 8/31/18 3:46 pm. A really nice little book on a very hard to research subject. Two large spring cylinders were added to the front of the gun to counterbalance the new barrel, which had to be carried in a new carriage weighing 22t (22 long tons; 24 short tons). Some of these items ship sooner than the others. Due to losses from faulty ammunition and Allied counter-battery artillery, a smaller-calibre (30.5cm (12.0in)) gun called the Beta-M-Gert was built and fielded from 1916 until the end of the war. For some good case studies on them and the use of siege artillery by the Germans in WW1 look at the Battle of Liege and the other Belgian forts the Germans had to overcome in 1914 :) Contact the Imperial War Museum in London. History, development, service, specifications, pictures and model. The original German WW1 howitzer "Big Bertha" weighed 43 tonnes and fired a 820 kg. heavy-siege-artillery-based-and-influenced-by-the-german-big-bertha-seige-howitzer. Only one thing is missing--I can't imagine what these things sounded like in action! One of Opsrey's best books on WWI weapons, Reviewed in the United States on September 20, 2014. if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'historyten_com-large-mobile-banner-2','ezslot_3',113,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-historyten_com-large-mobile-banner-2-0');Since then, the word has entered the mainstream consciousness. Another two guns were ordered before the First World War on 31 July 1914, and then two more on 28 August and another pair on 11 November. Consequently, in retaliation to the 1893 Franco-Russian Alliance, Alfred von Schlieffen, who was Moltkes successor, sought to win over France by pushing through Belgium speedily. Answer: This heavy siege gun had it's origin in Germany, during the crucial period of World War 1. There is an OLD book titled "Krupp Iron Works" a history of. The APK ordered its first M-Gert in July 1912 and another in February 1913. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. It was first designed in 1911 and when World War I broke out, the two available M-Gert guns, still prototypes, were sent to Lige and . The Krupp armaments firm produced one of Essens most dangerous weapons. Battery 3 was split in half in April 1916 to form 10 with a single M-Gert each. Camera pans along the line of tractors. [22] On 4 August, the 1st Army arrived near Lige, Belgium, the first objective of the Schlieffen Plan and began the Battle of Lige. [18], German siege artillery had three types of projectiles: armour-piercing, high-explosive and intermediate. The Central Powers lost about 4 million. The Big Bertha was a German 420mm howitzer, named for a family member of the Krupp Arms manufacturer. By 5 September, a hole in the fortress ring had been opened by German 21-centimetre guns, but they had by now exhausted their ammunition. Customer Reviews, including Product Star Ratings help customers to learn more about the product and decide whether it is the right product for them.Learn more how customers reviews work on Amazon, [{"displayPrice":"$17.95","priceAmount":17.95,"currencySymbol":"$","integerValue":"17","decimalSeparator":".","fractionalValue":"95","symbolPosition":"left","hasSpace":false,"showFractionalPartIfEmpty":true,"offerListingId":"lTDalbCA8J69mmE%2FIBymo4k2uWGFSpkR6Dt4ggG%2BWRHjYKgezUgJhQrtkpwtWTP1Sr8dCiq83QrCvSwh7%2F%2Fbv8lPKYi0EmAZY5b9nx5xPFLo5BBNcRoddVxX8at%2F8DVhjMS2nToInmgW%2BtvD4sMJKg%3D%3D","locale":"en-US","buyingOptionType":"NEW"},{"displayPrice":"$9.99","priceAmount":9.99,"currencySymbol":"$","integerValue":"9","decimalSeparator":".","fractionalValue":"99","symbolPosition":"left","hasSpace":false,"showFractionalPartIfEmpty":true,"offerListingId":"I4ZppHR578eVHr67LzXAogwNU5VHVI210wIfDfAH%2FS06NZPptYzcJ%2Fdpgj9cD%2FOBIDLCU6%2FJJy9RyrCf2X1D%2B5Q7KMpxinGkEPSGZ%2BGOsJ7mEtcGdkXmC%2BTln%2Bshu9zwryfdh0ujPzFw8FxvDBo4EaKTWW1TMaVzERh9FLLnP1NOE6eJ%2BmkJ1Q%3D%3D","locale":"en-US","buyingOptionType":"USED"}]. Big Bertha and Gamma Mrser. [7][b] As early as 1907, Krupp began development of siege artillery transported by gun carriage. Such were the successes of the German siege guns that both the French and British Armies decided to field their own heavy siege guns and, after the German guns handily destroyed Russian forts during the German offensives in the east in 1915, the French Army abandoned their forts. It was initially used as a means of (successfully) demolishing the fortress towns of Liege and Namur in August 1914, the war's first month (and subsequently as Antwerp ). In reality, 'Big Bertha" was but the last in a series of large-caliber siege guns designed by the German Army for the purpose of destroying concrete fortifications. Swedish 21 cm howitzer m/17, and indeed - the German Mrser 1916. However, by 1916, as the war settled into a stalemate, the effectiveness of the siege guns diminished until, by war's end, 'Big Bertha' and the other siege guns were themselves outmoded. Entries are listed below in alphanumeric order (1-to-Z). Likewise, the shells with a high explosion velocity were set under different charges, including no delay, long delay, or short delay. The 2nd Army arrived on 20 August 1914 to open the Siege of Namur, but began their main attacks the following day with 400 pieces of artillery. Now Marc Romanych and Martin Rupp have produced an excellent corrective. Please try again. Testing resulted in a 28cm (11in) howitzer transportable over road and countryside but it was rejected by the APK, as was Krupp's 30.5-centimetre model. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Farther to the west, the forts around the city of Namur were similarly battered into surrender by the Big Berthas and koda 305-mm (12-inch) mortars on August 2125. Six hundred twenty were injured, along with significant property loss. The initial test of the Big Bertha was done in 1911 but was taken into the production process and completed in October 1912. KMK Battery 10 lost one M-Gert to a premature detonation and the other to British warships near Ostend in August 1917 and was rearmed with captured Russian 12cm (4.7in) howitzers. They cover all of the German siege artillery in calibers 28cm to 42cm, describing (and providing images of) each type, explaining how it came about, and how it was used in the war. Big Bertha (howitzer) E. Ehrhardt 7.5 cm Model 1904; F. Fahrpanzer; G. Granatenwerfer 16 The Germans created it, and it had an 80cm barrel. 2425 "ww1 artillery" 3D Models. To the Allies, the existence of the howitzers came as a complete surprise and the sudden fall of the Belgian fortresses spawned rumors and misinformation, adding to the 42cm howitzer's mythology. The German Army had only two Big Berthas at the wars outset. For the German spring offensive, KMK Battery 8 was assigned to the 6th Army,[c] Battery 6 to the 2nd Army, and Battery 3 to the 18th Army. Two more successful sieges followed at Maubeuge (August 25September 8) and Antwerp (September 28October 10). Big Bertha was a mobile artillery piece while the Gamma had to be emplaced before firing, though they were moved by rail for operations in different areas. Although the German siege artillery's shelling of Kaunas was slow, the fortifications were outdated and were easily destroyed. https://www.britannica.com/technology/Big-Bertha-weapon. When war broke out, two of the howitzers were rushed directly from the factory to Liege where they quickly destroyed two forts and compelled the fortress to surrender. Nevertheless, troops transferred them to Lige. They were nicknamed for the Krupp arms works matriarch Bertha Krupp von Bohlen. These few pages add a lot to the book as they give the reader the why regarding these weapons. Massive rail-borne artillery shelled the enemy while trains unloaded. The Paris Gun, a railway gun used to bomb Paris in 1918, has historically been confused for the M-Gert. 15cm sFH 13 (15cm schwere Feldhaubitze 13). The gun was designed and built under great secrecy by the firm Krupp, Germanys largest armaments manufacturer, in the years before the war for the sole purpose of overcoming modern Belgian and French forts built of reinforced concrete. One was taken to the United States, evaluated and then put on display at the Aberdeen Proving Ground, while the other was left unassembled in its transport configuration. var cid='9569664802';var pid='ca-pub-7518520061851601';var slotId='div-gpt-ad-historyten_com-medrectangle-3-0';var ffid=1;var alS=1021%1000;var container=document.getElementById(slotId);container.style.width='100%';var ins=document.createElement('ins');ins.id=slotId+'-asloaded';ins.className='adsbygoogle ezasloaded';ins.dataset.adClient=pid;ins.dataset.adChannel=cid;if(ffid==2){ins.dataset.fullWidthResponsive='true';} In November 1918, two 42 cm Germans relinquished M-Gert weapons to the US Army at Spincourt. From Antwerp, Albert made attacks on the German flank on 2425 August and 9 September, prompting General Alexander von Kluck of the 1st Army to send the III Reserve Corps to seize Antwerp. Order now and we'll deliver when available. Around the latter months of World War 1, Parisians lived in the shadow of a long-range German artillery cannon. [48][49][50], 12 hours were required to prepare the base of the, Siege guns were held in reserve as "non-standing batteries" that would be mobilised in the event of war. Organization German Artillery 1914-18. . Every Day new 3D Models from all over the World. German troops entered the city on 3 June, then took the remaining forts two days later. Did Canada fight on the side of Britain in World War I? In November 1918, KMK Battery 5 surrendered its guns, the remaining two M-Gert howitzers, to the American Expeditionary Force. German soldiers dubbed the gun Big Bertha after one bullet obliterated Fort Loncin. , , , , , , , . The battery then moved to attack the Fort de Broechem[nl], which was also destroyed within two days. 6. [34] The Battle of Verdun was opened on 21 February 1916 with an intense, nine-hour long artillery bombardment. Big Bertha Artillery shell, August 1914.German secret weapon at Liege in WWI. if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'historyten_com-box-4','ezslot_7',108,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-historyten_com-box-4-0');Thus, Moltke then started demanding more powerful firearms during the same decade. Our payment security system encrypts your information during transmission. Bertha's official name was the L/12 (the barrel was 12 calibre in length), or the M-Device.. Please use a different way to share. Flag images indicative of country of origin and not necessarily primary operator. This is an excellent account of the siege artillery used by the German army in World War 1, from the infamous "Big Bertha(s)" to the experimental howitzers and little known mortars that preceded and followed it. According to some sources, the nickname "Big Bertha" was given to the cannons in honor of the Krupp firm's owner, Bertha Krupp von Bohlen und Holbach. Only four Beta-M-Gert guns were modified from two M-Gert guns and two Gamma-Gert guns (a one- to two-month-long process per gun), but 12 L/30 barrels were built. Amazon has encountered an error. Excellent resource for the WW1 enthusiast. document.getElementById("ak_js_1").setAttribute("value",(new Date()).getTime()); Why were the casualties very high in World War 1. To increase the range of the M-Gert and lower the likelihood of premature detonation, the APK selected a 9m (30ft)-long, 16t (16 long tons; 18 short tons) naval barrel to be mounted onto the chassis of the M-Gert. The 42cm howitzer had been developed since the 1890s by the German Army and the steel-making firm of Krupp. The name also spread to German publications. 1913 Ever since its significant contribution to the German victory against France in the Franco-Prussian War in 1871, the artillery had enjoyed a particularly prestigious position within the army. [9], Assembled and emplaced, the M-Gert weighed 42.6t (47.0 tons), was 4.5m (15ft) tall, 10m (33ft) long and 4.7m (15ft) wide, and sat on a steel base with a spade for bracing. World War I veteran Emil Cherubin built a replica of an M-Gert, which toured Germany and appeared on a few postage stamps. There was a problem loading your book clubs. This is a must-have book for anyone interested in this subject! , a fascinating book on a subject few have written. In 1915, as more Big Berthas (12 guns) were manufactured and fielded, they produced similar success against Russian forts. Two days later, the Germans took and held forts X, Xa and XI against counter-attack, compelling the Russians to abandon Przemyl. Finally, in 1913 (December), gun portability tests began. I would recommend it to any one who wants to see some of these giant guns and how A really nice little book on a very hard to research subject. It was a homage to Bertha Krupp, who had acquired the Krupp factories from her father. [27] KMK Battery 3 fired upon the Fort de Marchovelette, which was destroyed on 23 August by a magazine explosion. Follow authors to get new release updates, plus improved recommendations. After detraining, the transport wagons were hauled by tractor to the firing site, where the guns were reassembled. Transported in pieces, moved by rail and assembled in place, they proved devastating in destroying Belgian forts. The most widely used type of shell was equipped with a delayed-action fuse that exploded after having penetrated up to 40 feet (12 metres) of concrete and earth. It all started in 1914 with the short barreled German siege Howitzers, the 16.5 inches (420 mm) Kurze Marinekanone 14 L/12 which was a modified naval cannon. On 13 August, KMK Batteries 3 and 5 attacked with the siege guns from the north, shelling forts XIV, XV and XVI. is available now and can be read on any device with the free Kindle app. Test firing, at one point observed by Kaiser Wilhelm II, began in February 1914, and Krupp estimated that the M-Gert would be complete by October 1914. Stock photos, 360 images, vectors and videos [24][25] Firing commenced on 15 August and lasted two hours, as the 25th shot fired struck a magazine and caused an explosion that destroyed the fort. This book details the design and development of German siege guns before and during World War I, to include four models of 30.5cm mortars, two versions of 28cm howitzers, and two types of 42cm howitzers (including 'Big Bertha'); in total, eight different types of siege guns. Design and testing for the Gamma-Gert began in 1906 and lasted until 1911. EMPRESS WW1 RUSSIAN RANGE. Now Marc Romanych and Martin Rupp have produced an excellent corrective. shell. Call of War; Supremacy 1914 (new) Conflict of Nations; War Thunder; Omissions? - The 42 cm kurze Marinekanone 14 L/12 (light naval cannon), popularly known by the nickname 'Big Bertha', was a German siege howitzer fielded by the Imperial German Army from 1914 to 1918. Finally, the weapon was expressly prohibited by the Treaty of Versailles. [40], The nickname "Big Bertha" appeared early in the war, when German soldiers named the gunsDicke Berta at the Battle of Lige, a reference to Bertha Krupp, who had inherited the Krupp works from her father. Tests of the gun's mobility began in December 1913 and found that gas-powered tractors were best for pulling it. [43][44][45][46], Two M-Gert guns were surrendered to the US Army at Spincourt in November 1918. Millions of unique designs by independent artists. This attribute gave Big Bertha a 360 rotation. The photo is clearer than my scanner shows. KMK Battery 3 relocated to the Fort de Loncin, where Grard Leman directed the defence of Lige. WW1 WWI British Brodie Helmet PBR . Beautifully illustrated battlescenes are included to bring the narrative of the conflict to life. Moltke began requesting more powerful guns that same decade. [28] With the eastern forts occupied, the Germans entered Namur and the remaining Belgian forces evacuated from the city. The armour-piercing shell was designed to smash through concrete and metal armour but was largely ineffective against reinforced concrete. Authors M. Romanych and M. Rupp and illustrator H. Morshead have here compiled issue 205 of the Osprey New Vanguard series and todays subject is guns. The four Beta-M-Gert guns produced were fielded by KMK Batteries 8 and 10 after their M-Gert gun barrels had been destroyed by premature detonation. Kurze Marinekanone 14 L/12 (M-Gert) 'Big Bertha' Type: super-heavy howitzer. Shipping cost, delivery date, and order total (including tax) shown at checkout. Heavy Siege Artillery (based and influenced by the German Big Bertha Seige howitzer) Updated. Officially designated as the 42-cm kurze Marinekanone 14 L/12 in Rderlafette (42-cm short naval canon 14 L/12 on wheeled carriage), the gun was nicknamed Big Bertha by German soldiers after one of its projectiles completely destroyed Fort Loncin during the siege of Lige, Belgium. The combined contribution from APK and Krupp produced a mobile howitzer named Kurze Marinekanone 14 L/12, with a total length of 42 centimeters in the year 1911. A total of 12 Big Berthas were put into service. German troops operated the smaller-caliber cannon starting from the year 1916 and lasting until the war ended. Along with this, the Commission of Artillery Test also commissioned two more of such kinds, the 1st M-Gerat in 1912 ( July ) and the 2nd one in 1913 (February). The batteries again had little to no effect, and Battery 10 became the last German siege battery to fire on a fort, the Fort de la Pompelle. On 16 August, German infantry stormed forts XV and XVI as the artillery bombarded them. To be able to reduce French and Belgian fortresses, the Artillerieprfungskommission[de] (Artillery Test Commission, APK) formed a partnership with Krupp AG in 1893. The author lives in Severn, MD. RM DRAY8N - Big Bertha howitzer artillery gun, Liege, WW1 RM CW600K - World War I. On the second day of the battle, both of KMK Battery 7's M-Gert guns were destroyed by premature detonations and KMK Batteries 5 and 6 both lost an M-Gert each to the same cause. 28mm figures. [26], With Lige captured, the 1st Army continued north-west while the 2nd and 3rd Armies marched to Namur, whose forts were undermanned, unmaintained, and poorly stocked with ammunition. Only complaint is that there is little info on the ammunition types & specifications, other than that the book is well written with some good detailed photographs. It was very informative and an excellent read about imperial german armies large guns well worth to any body is interested in the history of the Great War. Good Condition: A copy that has been read, but remains in clean condition. A construction crew unearthed the Feldkanone 96 beneath the pitcher's mount of a former baseball field in Amherstburg, Ontario, on the planned site of a new school. The M-Gert had a 42cm (17in) calibre barrel, making it one of the largest artillery pieces ever fielded. There are a total of [ 8 ] WW1 German Artillery entries in the Military Factory. Big Bertha was the the 420mm (16.5-in.) We work hard to protect your security and privacy. Today we will be building Minenwerfer-Gert (M-Gert) "Big Bertha" heavy siege gun. Original WW1 era German photo. German super-heavy siege howitzer M-Gert 'Big Bertha' from World War One. if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[580,400],'historyten_com-banner-1','ezslot_8',109,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-historyten_com-banner-1-0');At last, in 1914 (February), test-firing commenced and was witnessed by one of the Military leaders, Kaiser Wilhelm II. Soldiers could also raise this spade above the ground level, and the Big Bertha was appropriately positioned to help move the spade. Was Italy an ally of Germany in World War I? Big Bertha Artillery shell, August 1914.German secret weapon at Liege in WWI. The Russians abandoned the outer ring on 18 August, allowing the Germans to open a hole in the inner ring and capture Novogeorgievsk the next day. If they selected no delay the shell exploded on impact, penetrating the ground to the max of 12 m depth. [11] The gun was breech loaded, using a horizontally-sliding breech block and had a 5.04m (16.5ft) barrel that could be elevated to a maximum of 65. Its official designation was the L/12 42-cm Type M-Gert 14 Kurze Marine-Kanone. When the First World War broke out, the two M-Gert guns, still prototypes, were sent to Lige, Belgium, and destroyed Forts Pontisse and Loncin. Beginning in early 1916, German siege guns began to suffer internal explosions due to faulty ammunition. This list may not reflect recent changes. The huge German 42cm siege gun was named "Dicke Bertha" by its designer and subsequently translated into "Big Bertha" by the British soldiers. (French artillery was always pointed toward Germany - even in practice.) Each volume features a wide range of photographs, which provide unparalleled detail of the uniforms and weaponry used by the combatants. 'Big Bertha' 'Paris Gun' Powered by Create your own unique website with customizable templates. [30], With Maubeuge taken, German siege guns were available for an attack on Paris, but Germany's defeat at the Battle of the Marne blocked the advance of the 1st and 2nd Armies, and the guns were instead sent to Antwerp. There was a problem adding this item to Cart. It is also a satirical French-language magazine- La Grosse Bertha. Crews were required to disembark from the gun before firing via a lanyard. The siege artillery of the Germans consisted of projectiles with the ability to pierce other armor that could be exploded with a very high velocity.
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