The SCIG stator windings are connected to a back to back full power converter. Wind energy conversion systems (WECS) using squirrel cage induction generator (SCIG) are becoming popular nowadays [12] .Most modern wind turbines locate on land, but an. The power captured by the wind turbine is converted into electrical power by the induction generator and is transmitted to the grid by the stator winding. It consists of back to back connected converter, where the stator windings are connected to the grid and the rotor windings are connected to the back- to- back connected Voltage Source Converters. The converter at the Grid side is used generally to keep up the Voltage at the dc link, to control the sending of active power to the grid and control of the reactive power flow [12]. 6Z2;k5HDU"T]C=!7>x%oMx7C|OO Please select the Tab Content in the Widget Settings. The author also presents the Power Quality issues related to the SCIG machines with frequency oscillations at the DC link Voltage and non-sinusoidal current Waveforms. The details regarding the types of cookies, their purpose and the third parties involved are described below and in our Cookie Notice. The Nominal Power is considered as Active power reference to control the Pitch angle. Due to a simple mechanical and electrical design without brushes and slip rings, they are extremely compact and lightweight despite their high performance. Grid Codes are general standards or protocols followed by various generation, transmission and distribution parties associated with the electrical sector. J. Hossain, D. Cornforth , at the 11th International Conference on Environmental and Electrical Engineering (EEEIC), IEEE 2012 [17], the author presents the impact of SCIG and the DFIG type wind turbine in distribution network under static and dynamic condition. Hence it was recommended that certain stability devices were to be used with SCIG. The various sources for Electricity Generation with its installed capacity in India are presented in the Table 1.1 below. Today in the industry most of the Machines which are used are Induction type, Induction Machines contribute to almost 90% of the machines in the industry only because of its features. 1oil cooling system, 2 generator cooling system, 3 Transformer unit, 4 ultrasonic wind sensors, 5 Top controller with converter, 6 service crane, 7 Generator unit, 8-composite disc coupling, 9 yaw gears, 10 gearbox system, 11 parking brake system, 12 Machine Foundation, 13blade bearing, 14blade hub, 15 blade, 16 pitch cylinder, 17 hub controller. The active power output at High Wind speeds, which is 8% more than the average wind speed, presents an increased Power Output. 4.5.1 Real Power Analysis during Single L-G fault Products/Services for Squirrel Cage Wind Turbine Generators. The SCIG is attached to the wind turbine by means of a gearbox. The main Advantages of this type of Generator involve: -, - Its simple and ultimate rugged construction - Low Cost and reliability Whereas Morocco, South Africa, Egypt, Tunisia, Ethiopia in the Continent of Africa and Middle East. In case of the DC Machine electrical power is conveyed directly to the armature. 1.5 Types of Wind Turbine Generator The wind turbine and the induction generator (WTIG) are shown below. Suzlon an India owned company has emerged at the global level in wind energy sector, which is also the largest manufacturer of Wind Turbines in India. Among the available renewable sources the Wind energy has gained a significant importance due to its high efficiency and pollution free nature. 0000000000 65535 f In the Year of 2014 alone the new installed capacity has been more than 49,832 MW. Along with this the Single L-G fault simulation was done and results were presented. Simple, robust and compact, it is ranked as the most reliable type of electric generator, mainly due to the small number of components. The squirrel cage induction generator (SCIG) is attached to the wind turbine by means of a gearbox. 2.4 Objectives, CHAPTER 3 The bars of rotor are permanently short circuit and hence it is practically not a general consideration to add external resistance if required for the starting purpose. https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6385577750977015. Due to a simple mechanical and electrical design without brushes and slip rings, they are extremely compact and lightweight despite their high performance. 1.2 World Installed Wind Capacity Country Wise [1]. It was found that SCIG has certain disturbances due to its inability to supply the reactive power. The power captured by the wind turbine is converted into electrical power by the induction generator and is transmitted to the grid by the stator winding. generation driven wind power which is connected to grid. of induction generators are available. The Wind network in India is spread mostly across South, West and the Northern part of India, the Eastern part has no Grid connected Wind Power plants till date [1][6]. As the Wind Speed varies so is the Active Power output, after the desired Wind speed the Pitch angle is regulated at a very slow rate owing to the large blade sizes and inertia [11]. The stator winding is connected directly to the grid and the rotor is driven by the wind turbine. Till date the conventional means like The Coal, Diesel, Hydro and Nuclear were being used on a very large scale but today the world necessities the use and potential of the Renewable energy sources like the Geothermal, the Sun, Wind power, Tidal Energy etc. 4.2 Load Flow Analysis Please use an up-to-date browser (e.g. The HAWT type machines have the rotor shaft and the electrical generator placed on top of the tower and into the direction of the wind. Power Generation Systems - (129 companies) .is directed at a turbine creating rotational kinetic energy. E*IXa_#oRTS5U35=~H#@J#mly~FE'^]WbUmfCE"S&{!QTGMxmpaq!~"0ju%XUMJ Out of these sources The Wind energy has proven to be significantly important and gaining more importance considering its capacity in power generation and research done in this sector. The 3-Phase to ground fault Simulation at a particular Bus in the system presents a Voltage variation in both the SCIG and DFIG machine. The most common induction generator type with a constant velocity stall control wind turbines is a squirrel cage induction generator (SCIG) [3] [4] [5]. The author gives the comparison in terms of performance of the two machines the DFIG and the SCIG. Figure 1. It is also capable of providing the reactive power to the grid which is its outstanding feature in the power flow. The Wind Farm consisted of a total of 20 WTGs with a total capacity of 42 MW. The importance of Power quality and reliability of supply has led to awareness and successful implementation of these Grid Codes. Fault Diagnosis of Squirrel Cage Induction Generator for Wind Turbine Applications Using a Hybrid Deep Neural Network and Decision Tree Approach Abstract: Phase-to-Phase Fault (PPF) and Phase-to-Ground Fault (PGF) are among common electrical faults in wind turbine generators. The parameters which are governed generally include response to system faults, power factor limits, and Voltage variation limits, Harmonic Indices, frequency changes on the grid and interruptions during operations. This project is a research work carried in ETAP (Electrical Transient Analyzer Program), which is a Power System Simulation tool. The induction generator with a squirrel cage rotor is described and useful design techniques to build induction generators for wind energy application are outlined. The data records are measured at the PCC . The system consists of Pitch Control system, Wind Turbine and a Reactive Power Compensation. 3.1 Modeling of Squirrel Cage Induction Generator, CHAPTER 4 - Power Quality Issues The wind turbine and the induction generator (WTIG) are shown below. The parameters of the motor are listed in Table 10.1. Along with the Voltage at POI and Voltage (per unit) with respect to time and the rated power, pitch angle and rotor speed, the same graphs are compared with using SVC and STATCOM. The gearbox provides speed and torque conversions from a rotating power source to another device, using gear ratios. The Renewable energy sources have gained major importance due to the depletion of the conventional fuels in the future. Appendix I- Acronyms. Account anlegen Anmelden Anmelden Account anlegen. The results obtained were compared with the theoretical values and were found to be the same. Variable speed wind turbine using the squirrel cage induction generator with reduced converter power rating for stand-alone energy systems Abstract: This paper presents a new configuration for a wind energy conversion system (WECS) with variable speed, using a squirrel cage induction generator (SCIG) for stand-alone energy system applications. It was found that the SCIG was used by less wind farms because of its lack of potential of controlling reactive power. The generator is completely decoupled from the grid via the frequency converter and can be controlled over a wide speed range. - Proper Starting Mechanism to be employed for Synchronism This also suffered from peak overshoots and under shoots this causes serious problem to the distribution utility. - Compatible with frequency range of 50- 60 Hz Your browser does not support all website features. @-mJn&V y+S```ofOi.D\ G_7)=lg`p6wW? Harmonic analysis to determine the Quality of power being delivered and the Harmonic Filter design to mitigate the Harmonic content if any in excess.Reactive Power analysis which is important considering the stability of the system and a suitable Capacitor design for reactive Power compensation. 5.1 Conclusion The United States of America, Mexico and Canada in the continent of North America. Today India is dependent primarily on Coal for its electricity generation, which generates 61% of the total Generation followed by the Hydro Power and the Renewable energy sources which constitute 15% and 11% respectively. Le, F. Grimaccia, S. Leva, M. Mussetta, and R.E. endstream endobj xref 4.3 Active Power at Various Wind Speeds Each sector can be assigned a unique standard to be followed in the grid codes which is formed by the Central governing authority [18]. The representation of the various Indian States with their Wind Capacity Generation is given in the Table 1.2 below, Table.1.2 State Wise Wind Capacity in India [7], Fig. - They are visible from large distances, they also possess a threat to the birds and opposition by native human beings. - Reactive Power in the System. *v*@7_93^ VV @@ICGGL &^beaupvT@- MI[FQ The inputs are the instantaneous voltages at the three terminals. These form the most common type of wind turbines in practice. The wind turbine generating system employs squirrel cage induction generator in which the stator windings are directly connected to the three phase grid and rotor windings are short circuited. The tower height plays an important role as well ranging till or even more than 90m, this ensures higher wind speeds. 1.4.2 Vertical Axis Wind Turbine The cost of the Converters is still a concern to the power engineers but still this is a much more efficient technology [13]. Hn04q6DJV[=DB^{vk-{}5.67 N%+2[+xPV{oD!b>CZ@NVPn(ZzyGZ($yZ$zBo}CfKx6r[~~{d?OYQ,Y'# _ !19=S7iT5{ r!c7>Ro`b!r#gyir,&$1*, ydesg8R0GIQB yh5bJC"a;t?ZKJX yI `}gP/RpVe&K %cx2`LNm? Active Power Output at various Wind Speeds, which presents the efficiency of the Wind Farm at various range of wind speeds. The bars are arranged in the slots and bolted to the end rings giving it a Squirrel Cage construction. 0000000210 00000 n In this paper such a system is studied both by means of laboratory tests and by simulation. Table 1: The 3ph Induction Generator Data Table(1) Data of IG P = 6 Poles PF = 0.75 Ns = 1000 RPM Vph/L = 220/380 V S = 349.36 VA F = 50 Hz Iph = 1.588 A 4.4 Short Circuit Analysis You can also set your preferences or reject cookies (except for strictly necessary cookies). The figure above shows the schematic arrangement of the SCIG system, the blades are connected to the SCIG through a gearbox. The motor is rated at 5 hp. These parameters are monitored for Reactive Power compensation. Description The wind turbine and the induction generator (WTIG) are shown below. It is a tethered wind turbine with a Balloon system, which has a simple controlling system, relatively higher efficiency, and low-cost technology. 1.1 World Wide Wind Capacity Till June 2015, 1.2 World Installed Wind Capacity Country Wise, 1.3 Wind Power Generation in India till January 2016, 2.1 Voltage Dip Wind Turbine should handle without Disconnection, 3.1 Induction Machine Schematic Representation, 4.9 Power Curve With respect to the Wind Speed, 4.10 Voltage at Bus 1during 3- Phase Short Circuit Fault, 4.11 Voltage at Bus 1during Single L-G Fault, 4.12 Real Power Analysis during Single L-G fault, 4.13 Reactive Power Analysis during Single L-G fault, 4.14 %THD in the Wind Farm at various Locations, 4.15 %THD at WTG1 in Network 1 without Harmonic Filter, 4.16 Harmonic Waveform for Bus 1, Bus 2, Bus 6 without Harmonic Filter, 4.17 Harmonic Spectrum at Bus 1, Bus 2, Bu 6 without Harmonic Filter, 4.18 %THD at various Locations in Wind Farm after Harmonic Filter implementation, 4.19 %THD at WTG 1 after Harmonic Filter implementation, 4.20 Harmonic Waveform for Bus 1, Bus 2, Bus 6 after Harmonic Filter Implementation, 4.21 Harmonic Spectrum for Bus 1, Bus 2, Bus 6 after Harmonic Filter Implementation, 4.22 Reactive Power Analysis without Capacitor bank, 4.23 Reactive Power Analysis with Capacitor bank, 1.1 Electricity Generation from various sources in India, 1.3 Indian Wind Power Projects of 75 MW and above, 2.2 Voltage Withstand limits for Wind Farms, 4.2 Power Co-efficient Considered during Modeling, 4.4 Power Output of the Wind Farm at various Wind Speeds, 4.5 Voltage recovery in 3- Phase Short Circuit fault after fault clearing, 4.6 Voltage Recovery in Single L-G fault after fault clearing, 4.7 %THD at Various Locations within the Wind Farm, 4.8 %THD at Various Location in Wind Farm after Filter Implementation, 4.9 Comparison result between the same SCIG and DFIG based Wind Farm, Abbildung in dieser Leseprobe nicht enthalten. The rising demand of electricity and the environmental concern in the recent past necessities the need of renewable energy sources. In order to limit the inrush currents that are produced when the generator is coupled with the grid . 3.1 Modeling of Squirrel Cage Induction Generator CHAPTER 4 Simulation and Analysis 4.1 Overview of the Wind Farm 4.2 Load Flow Analysis 4.3 Active Power at Various Wind Speeds 4.4 Short Circuit Analysis 4.4.1 3- Phase Short Circuit fault 4.4.2 Single L-G fault 4.5 Real and Reactive Power analysis during Fault Conditions The stator winding is connected directly to the grid and the rotor is driven by the wind turbine. - Overall High Efficiency as the blades moves perpendicular to that of the wind. - Subjected to low wind speeds, There has been a vast research made in the field of Wind Turbine Generators in the past 20 to 25 years. It is called a 'squirrel cage' motor because the rotor inside of it - known as a 'squirrel cage rotor' - looks like a squirrel cage. This type is also prone to frequent maintenance and lesser useful life. (218)Tj Please click on Allow all and continue to consent to our usage of cookies as described in the Cookie Notice in order to have the best possible experience on our websites. The Comparative study carried amongst STATCOM, SVC and Fixed Capacitors presents a better stability result obtained by use of STATCOM compared to the other fixed devices. Here the Primary (Stator) is stationary and the Secondary (Rotor) is free to rotate [9]. 0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 9 0 0 9 167.24385 209.76422 Tm Here the power is transferred inductively hence such machines are called as Induction Type Machines. %%EOF Several constructive variants (1/3-phase, low or medium voltage, horizontal or vertical, open-drip proof, etc.) The optimal power to be drawn out from the generator under varying range of wind speed is done by the Stator Side Converter. Totally 20 wind turbines are connected to the substation, however in the time of recording, eight of turbines were out of service. 0 g 2.1 Literature Review The 3rd stage is of the Grid Transmission which is associated with high Voltage . The whole structure is in such a way that it offers less turbulence to wind. "mC:z%@0$!1a)V``>f{>& 9xJSPe*CPUSA*^n=^K#^y#|O9>?UyE8O^c1l,GVca7N'"7*TUUmT_5P ;Nnwx6wf;x'0S| ].!x`_-va/qi.nWB - High cost of Power Converter Devices Results obtained show a graphical representation of wind speed, generator speed, active power, reactive power, voltage at PCC, DC link voltage, Current (per unit). The major giants in the wind sector include The United Kingdom, Germany, Spain, France, Denmark, and The Netherlands in the continent of Europe. It was found that although DFIG was superior to Voltage stability but still it had significant power loss. The author presents the impact of connecting a 120 MW wind farm to the Transmission utility. The main types of Wind Generators presently in use are, B) Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator. The recent past has witnessed a rapid increase in the energy demand globally. A 3 phase squirrel cage induction motor is a type of three phase induction motor which functions based on the principle of electromagnetism. The squirrel cage induction generator is usually used in small non-conventional energy conversion systems because of its low cost and robust design. 4.4.1 3- Phase Short Circuit fault Simulation and Analysis HypUOBVYBC2c ;#Tv$( It generates real power (P) when the turbine shaft rotates The concept of the design is to model the. The pre analysis gives us an idea of the selection of devices for higher efficiency and system reliability. This paper presents a simplified model of the induction generator which is driven by wind turbine and is connected to the grid. 1.3 Wind Power in India Types of Wind Turbines Type 1 (WT1G1): Limited Variable Speed Squirrel-cage Induction Generator (SCIG) connected directly to the step up transformer. This configuration works up to 15 kW, at constant speed, thus external hydraulic or ballast load controllers have to be deployed. Here the entire study is carried in MATLAB/ Simpower and the effects during and after the grid faults is also studied. INTRODUCTION The wind is a free, clean, and inexhaustible energy source, being simply air in motion. In the paper Dynamic simulations of Wind Generators connected to distribution systems by Wellington Santos MOTA and Luciano Sales BARROS at the 18thInternational conference on Electricity distribution [15], the author has produced a methodology applied to a distribution system, where two type of generators were considered SCIG and the DFIG and the simulation curves were obtained with respect to wind speed, for both high wind speed and also for low wind speed simulation. DESIGN OF WES-SQIG The Test of Induction Generator and Capacitor Selection In this work, 3phIG with data shown in Table 1 was adopted. The stator of the induction generator is connected with the grid using back-to-back connected power electronics converters. As on 31st Jan 2016 the total installed Capacity of overall Wind Power in India was 25188 MW. In the paper The Impact of SCIG Wind Farm Connecting into a Distribution System by Ching-Yin Lee, Li-Chieh Chen, Shao-Hong Tsai, Wen-Tsan Liu and Yuan- Kang Wu in 2009 at IEEE Conference [12]. g(\B~E!. - Highly efficient topology. However, PMSG was preferred for efficiency, robustness, and reliability along with SCIG for its cost, reliability and efficiency. - Minimum Maintenance In this paper a squirrel cage induction generator (SCIG) is used because are extensively employed for power generation from wind energy due to simple and rugged rotor construction, low cost, almost nil maintenance and generator operation without the need of DC supply [7].
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