verify here. The same terminological consideration applies to the phrase hypothetical construct. Authors would be better advised to instead use construct or latent variable.. Emotional intelligence in incarcerated men with psychopathic traits. American Psychiatric Association. Candidate genes for aggression and antisocial behavior: a meta-analysis of association studies of the 5HTTLPR and MAOA-uVNTR. More Information. Nevertheless, in recognition of the fact that validation implies certainty or finality (Garfield, 1996; Chambless and Hollon, 1998), the committee wisely changed the name to empirically supported therapies, which is now the term presently in use (Lilienfeld et al., 2013). Illusion: The misinterpretation of a real, external sensory experience, Inappropriate Affect: Emotional expressions that are not in accord with the Affect situation, or what is being said, e.g., giggling when talking about the death of a parent. Intellectual disability is fairly common, and it occurs in approximately 1 to 2 percent of people. Baxter A. J., Brugha T. S., Erskine H. E., Scheurer R. W., Vos T., Scott J. G. (2015). AmbivalenceIt is the state of mind in which a person has mixed emotions or conflicting feelings towards a particular thing or person. The fear might be the result of multiple past events involving conflicts or imagined problems (disease) associated with a particular body part. We are experimenting with display styles that make it easier to read articles in PMC. The idea of active intellect was, at first cited in the book De Anima, written by Aristotle. This frustration may lead to obsessive chasing of other lights and shadows. Some of the confusion probably stems from the erroneous equation of empirical with experimental or quantitative. Data derived from informal observations, such as non-quantified impressions collected during a psychotherapy session, are also empirical. Naive psychological science: the prevalence, strength, and source of misconceptions. Delusion: A false belief out of keeping with the individuals level of knowledge and his cultural group. Instead, high-ranking animals are usually better identified by the character and frequency of deferential behaviors exhibited by others in their social group and by their ability to respond appropriately to a variety of social and environmental circumstances. Obsessive Compulsive DisorderIt is a mental disorder in which an individual suffers from anxiety that results from various intrusive thoughts. Not surprisingly, clinicians routinely disagree in their interpretations of profiles on the MMPI-2 and other objective tests (Garb, 1998). As a result, psychologists who use reductionist as a handy term of opprobrium against their colleagues must be explicit about which form of reductionism they are invoking. The concept of remorse and guilt are closely related to each other. Stereotypys might be associated with basal ganglia dysfunction and can be induced by dopaminergic stimulation of the striatum. Such kind of behavior is exhibited by individuals suffering from schizophrenia, epilepsy, psychogenic fugue, narcolepsy, etc. Quantum PsychologyQuantum Psychology refers to an approach which involves being aware of our automatic responses and its triggers in addition to the inherent mechanism of those responses. The role of analogy is considered to be important in the areas like problem solving, perception, decision making, memory, explanation, emotion and communication. A sudden, all-or-nothing, profound, abnormal response that results in extremely fearful behaviors is usually called a phobia. Dissociation: A psychological separation or splitting off; an intrapsychic defensive process which operates automatically and unconsciously. The different components of authoritarianism like authoritarian aggression, conventionalism, authoritarian submission, superstition, anti-intraception, cynicism, destructiveness, toughness, projectivity, etc. These cookies do not store any personal information. The activity of studying the psychological behavior and functioning of human beings is carried out under the term, analysand. psychological state. Neologism: In psychiatry, a new word or condensed combination of several words coined by a patient to express a highly complex meaning related to his conflicts; not readily understood by others; common in schizophrenia. Read more on behavior modification. Social Rhythm TherapyIn this behavioral therapy, the disruptions in circadian rhythms are treated. We do not offer these services: Treatment for sexual abuse or sexual aggression. The phrase family genetic studies is commonly used in psychiatry to refer to designs in which investigators examine the familial aggregation of one or more disorders, such as panic disorder or major depression, within intact (i.e., non-adoptive) families (e.g., Weissman, 1993). There are three major forms of reliability: testretest, internal consistency, and inter-rater. Apt C, Hurlbert DF (1994), The sexual attitudes, behavior, and relationships of women with histrionic personality disorder. The ability to testify in the court and the formulation of the findings from the field of psychology into the legal language are the important aspects of forensic psychology. The negative connotation attached to this term neglects the point, overlooked by many authors (e.g., Harris, 2015), that reductionism is not one approach. This might occur when a dog is motivated to greet but is fearful of approach, perhaps because of previous unpleasant experiences (eg, yelling, hitting, pinning). There are many different types of personality traits, including some that are positive and some that are negative. (3) Autism epidemic. These disorders are those that impact the ability to use, understand, or detect language and speech. Alternatively, the terms behavior problem, behavior pathology, mental health disorder, or emotional disorders might be used. Thus, it is the process of understanding the new experience with the help of or in relation to the older experiences. At first, conducting a mental status examination (MSE) can feel "different" and daunting to non-medical mental health professionals. To the contrary, they are typically quite concerned about the victim, but are psychologically frozen by well-established psychological processes, such as pluralistic ignorance, diffusion of responsibility, and sheer fears of appearing foolish. NightmareIt is a dream that is unpleasant in nature and results into a strong emotional response that is mostly associated with fear or horror. Read on famous people with narcolepsy. (2013). The emphasis is placed on the concept or phrase that, the whole is greater than the sum of parts. COMMON PSYCHIATRIC/MENTAL STATUS PHRASES AND WORDS: 3-step command. Moreover, data strongly suggest that schizophrenia and most other major mental disorders are highly polygenic. which occur suddenly and are discrete in nature are termed as panic attacks. Learn how your comment data is processed. Differences between trait fear and trait anxiety: Implications for psychopathology. The objective of studying ego psychology is to understand the development of ego, its management and adaptation to reality. Dr. Johnson is assistant professor of clinical psychology in the department of psychiatry at Columbia University and a research scientist at New York State Psychiatric Institute. PsycholinguisticsThe study of different neurobiological and psychological factors that enable human beings in acquiring, using, comprehending and finally producing a language is termed as psycholinguistics. Hence, it is understandable why Popper (1959) preferred the term corroboration to confirmation, as all theories can in principle be overturned by new evidence. DelusionA belief that is fixed in the mind of a person and which could either be fanciful, false or derived from a deception is known as delusion. The role of drug therapies in the treatment of anorexia and bulimia nervosa: a review of the literature. Dominance is a concept frequently misapplied. Much like the testing of scientific theories, the construct validation process is never complete, in essence reflecting a work in progress. As a consequence, a test cannot be said to be have been conclusively validated or invalidated (Cronbach and Meehl, 1955; Loevinger, 1957; Peter, 1981). As one researcher (Mario Beauregard) observed, There is no single God spot localized uniquely in the temporal lobe of the human brain (Biello, 2007, p. 43). Psychological TestingIt is the field in which generalizations about an individual are inferred on the basis of sample behaviors. The relation between biological variables and other variables is virtually always bidirectional. Somatization DisorderIt is a disorder in which psychological conflicts present in the mind are expressed unconsciously in the form of physical symptoms which do not have any actual or physical origin behind them. Attitude is associated with positive or negative views that a person has about places, events or other people altogether. Satanic Ritual AbuseThe term satanic ritual abuse refers to any form of physical or psychological mistreatment involving the use of satanic rituals. People are said to be intrinsically motivated if they perform any activity for self satisfaction rather than monetary or other gains. (2012). ImprintingImprinting is defined as the phase of learning at an early age when a person forms a specific pattern of behavior. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. Anxiety DisorderIt is an umbrella term used to cover the different types of anxieties and fears that were included in psychiatry at the end of the 19th century. A psychiatrist is a medical professional who specializes in mental health. Nor is there research support for the proposition that many or most victims experience this end-state after events of symbolic significance, such as executions or funerals (Berns, 2011). Surely one of the most pernicious misnomers in psychology, the term lie detector test is often used synonymously with the storied polygraph test. As you're describing someone's behavior, it's best to choose words that paint a broad picture of his or her actions. Adjustment is a behavioral attribute found in both, human beings and animals. In addition, among individuals with high levels of trait aggressiveness, oxytocin boosts propensities toward intimate partner violence following provocation (DeWall et al., 2014). MasochismIt is the feeling of gratification experienced by an individual as a result of infliction of pain or humiliation upon himself. AnalysandThe activity of studying the psychological behavior and functioning of human beings is carried out under the term, analysand. Our list of 50 terms, grouped into the five aforementioned categories and presented in alphabetical order within each category, follows. This may indicate an altered course of disease over time or that the diagnosis encompasses more than one disorder. (33) Fetish. The experts, who are associated with the study of this field are the psychotherapists, clinical psychologists, and counselors. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. Three reasons not to believe in an autism epidemic. which is experienced by people while being awake. Token EconomyToken economy is a form of behavior therapy in which patients are rewarded with tokens, for good behavior, which may be cashed in for rewards later. DepressionIt is a disorder characterized by low self-esteem, low mood and lack of interest in the activities to be performed in daily life. But opting out of some of these cookies may have an effect on your browsing experience. As an example of the jangle fallacy, dozens of studies in the 1960s focused on the correlates of the ostensibly distinct personality dimension of repression-sensitization (e.g., Byrne, 1964). Abnormal repetitive behaviors are a heterogenous group of behaviors that include both stereotypies and compulsive/impulsive behaviors (see below). This polymorphism appears to be only modestly associated with risk for aggression, and it has been reported to be associated with conditions that are not tied to a markedly heightened risk of aggression, such as major depression, panic disorder, and autism spectrum disorder (Buckholtz and Meyer-Lindenberg, 2013; Ficks and Waldman, 2014). Nevertheless, the evidence that hypnosis is a distinct trance state that differs qualitatively from waking consciousness is scant. Not surprisingly, the specific research methods used by psychologists bear scant surface resemblance to those used by chemists, astrophysicists, or molecular biologists. Read more on Deja Vu. For example, one author team reported that males are more sensitive than females to negative news stories and conjectured that males may be hard wired for negative news (Grabe and Kamhawi, 2006, p. 346). When most people think of long-term psychiatric facilities, they are referring to inpatient care. Were they positive or negative. Read more on psychological testing. The belief is maintained against logical argument and despite objective contradictory evidence. Inability to speak fluently makes it difficult to treat alogia. Nevertheless, this phrase is incoherent, because principal components analysis (which is commonly misspelled as principle components analysis) and factor analysis are incompatible approaches to data analysis. The study of psychology spreads across various disciplines and is useful in understanding the different aspects of the mind related to health, human development, sports, media, law and even industry. Anti-social BehaviorIt is a type of behavior which shows no consideration for others and lack of judgment. Self MotivationSelf motivation is the ability to motivate oneself, without requiring influence by some other person. Differential PsychologyIt is the branch of psychology in which the measurable differences between individuals are studied. Compulsive or Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders. The creation or production of these tools makes the mental processes to be communicable and accessible to people easily. Medical, Psychiatry, Healthcare. The different subjects or components studied in this discipline are, the recognition of emotion, emotional experience, and emotion elicitation. Health PsychologyIt is the branch of psychology in which the influence of behavior, illness, health and biology is studied. TelepathyTelepathy means transfer of information on thoughts or feelings from one mind to another without the use sensory perceptions. Quantitative Psychological ResearchPsychological research which entails and includes mathematical modeling in addition to statistical estimation or statistical interference, is termed as quantitative psychological research. Lifetime comorbidity of antisocial personality disorder and anxiety disorders among adults in the community. Medication-assisted treatment (MAT) A treatment option that relies on certain medications to help those with opioid use disorder. Dominance is not interchangeable with hierarchical rank. Acting OutIt is the term used for an action that is performed, going by the impulsive behavior, rather than constructively responding to a particular situation. of Health and Human Transfer of TrainingThe process wherein knowledge or abilities acquired in a specific area are used to solve problems or acquire knowledge in other areas. Insanity is a permanent condition and in simplest way it can be defined as craziness or madness. BEHAVIOR. IdId is defined as the part of human personality that consists of all the inborn biological instincts. Task-oriented behavior describes how someone behaves when they are given a project or an assignment to work on. Learn . Specifically, in hierarchical multiple regression the investigator specifies an a priori order of entry of the variables, ideally on theoretical grounds. Contrary to what most scientists themselves appear to believe, science is not a method; it is an approach to knowledge (Stanovich, 2012). Ten myths of science: reexamining what we think we know about the nature of science. BeliefIt is a psychological state in which a premise or proposition is held to be true by an individual. Lapsus LinguaeAn error which occurs in the memory, speech or physical action because of an unconscious conflict, wish or train of thought that is interfering with their functioning is termed as lapsus linguae. The chemical imbalance explanation for depression: origins, lay endorsement, and clinical implications. the conviction that one's behavior, including one's thoughts, is being influenced in some way by and external agency, when in fact, it is not . (2014). The chemical imbalance explanation of depression: reducing blame at what cost? Schizotypal Personality DisorderSchizotypal personality disorder is a personality disorder characterized by unconventional beliefs, odd behavior, thinking and a need for social isolation. Gaslighting This is a form of psychological abuse in which narcissists systematically undermine other people's mental state by leading them to question their perceptions of reality. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). AvolitionA psychological state in which a person lacks the desire, motivation or drive that is required to pursue a meaningful goal is termed as avolition. Artificial CreativityThe objective of artificial or computational creativity is to simulate, model or replicate the creativity through the use of a computer. In this state, the suggestibility is heightened and the memories might be suppressed. Faculty PsychologyAccording to faculty psychology, the human mind is defined as the collection or congregation of different faculties or modules which perform the different tasks assigned to them. Many researchers, after reporting a group difference that does not attain conventional levels of statistical significance, will go on to state that there was no difference between groups. Similarly, many authors will report that a non-significant correlation between two variables means that there was no association between the variables. But a failure to reject the null hypothesis does not mean that the null hypothesis, strictly speaking, has been confirmed. Although science sometimes operates by straightforward deduction, serendipity and inductive observations offered in the service of the context of discovery also play crucial roles in science. Although categories overlap, clinical signs have been described as oral/ingestive (eg, pica, polyphagia, licking, gulping), neurologic/hallucinatory (eg, fly snapping, light chasing), locomotory (eg, spinning, pouncing), and self-directed (eg, acral lick dermatitis, psychogenic alopecia). This is known as partial or secondary identification. Occupational PsychosisIt is a condition in which an individual develops a biased attitude which results from the influence of his career or occupation. Then suddenly, the term "behavioral health" was coined and began to be used as a substitute for psychiatry, further distorting psychiatry's medical identity. Humanistic PsychologyThe branch of psychology which deals with the human aspect of development of psychotherapy is termed as humanistic psychology. In turn, clarity hinges on accuracy in the use of specialized terminology. Of immortal mythological beasts: operationism in psychology.
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