[55][65][70], Professors William Emboden, Loran Anderson, and Harvard botanist Richard E. Schultes and coworkers also conducted taxonomic studies of Cannabis in the 1970s, and concluded that stable morphological differences exist that support recognition of at least three species, C. sativa, C. indica, and C. Content on this website is for information only. Uranium is the fuel most widely used by nuclear power plants for nuclear fission. Rich Lashway is Senior Vice President-Corporate Development andStrategy. The Act provided gible financial incentives (tax credits) for average homeowners to make environmentally positive changes to their homes. Hemp, by contrast, cannot legally contain more than 0.3 percent THC. The Congressional Budget Office (CBO) review of the conference version of the bill estimated the Act would increase direct spending by $2.2 billion over the 2006-2010 period, and by $1.6 billion over the 2006-2015 period. indica var. Microsoft is quietly building a mobile Xbox store that will rely on Activision and King games. The collective reduction in national consumption of oil is significant for automotive vehicles. [106][107] Cannabinoids are under preliminary research for their potential to affect stroke. Unrivaled access, premier storytelling, and the best of business since 1930. Poor extractions can also leave behind the chemical solventsor even pesticides. CBD, meanwhile, isnt psychoactive.. All Rights Reserved. Woman mauled by bear in yard while letting dog out. The patterns of cannabinoid variation support recognition of C. sativa and C. indica as separate species, but not C. ruderalis. [114][115], The Cannabis plant has a history of medicinal use dating back thousands of years across many cultures. Prior to attending the University of Texas, Fraser served in the U.S. Army in 1986-1990. In culinary language, a fruit is the sweet- or not sweet- (even sour-) tasting that can be problematic if your job randomly drug tests. This publication includes total energy production, consumption, stocks, and trade; energy prices; overviews of petroleum, natural gas, coal, electricity, nuclear energy, renewable energy, and carbon dioxide emissions; and data unit conversions values. Native Fish Overlooked as Invaders in U.S. Support for International Climate Agreements. Owners and operators of U.S. nuclear power reactors purchased the equivalent of about 46.74 million pounds of uranium in 2021. They are basically identical, aside from a couple bond. Owners and operators of U.S. nuclear power reactors purchased the equivalent of about 46.74 million pounds of uranium in 2021. Bees can suffer serious effects from toxic chemicals in their environments. But the agency has limited staff for enforcement. Three years ago, another of Berkowitzs undergrad classes took a field trip to one of Connecticuts medical marijuana producers. That, in turn, sparks or dampens the electric pulses that create our thoughts, behaviors and movements. Furthermore, the rise of craft cannabis growers in Canada should ensure quality, experimentation/research, and diversification of strains among private-sector producers. How is Ethanol Made? Democratic Sen. Joe Manchin on Saturday slammed President Joe Biden for pledging to shut down America's coal plants in a speech in California. Extractors can prevent THC from entering a CBD supply. The most obvious hurdles to making pure and legal CBD arise from being unable to tell marijuana and hemp plants apart. corn stover or wood chips) and grasses like switchgrass and miscanthus species. Microsofts Activision Blizzard deal is key to the companys mobile gaming efforts. He also has served as Chief Commercial Officer and President of Valero Europe. [132] Like the Rastafari, some modern Gnostic Christian sects have asserted that Cannabis is the Tree of Life. Interior lighting may also be improved using the Interim Lighting Rule, which provides a simplified process to earn the Deduction, capped at $0.30-$0.60/square foot. For example, in botany, a fruit is a ripened ovary or carpel that contains seeds; e.g., an apple, pomegranate, tomato or a pumpkin. Our nerves receive those chemical messages through neurotransmitter receptors think of them like radio antennas. US, allies clash with China, Russia over NKorea missiles. Rice is the seed of the grass species Oryza sativa (Asian rice) or less commonly Oryza glaberrima (African rice). As of this writing, the FDA has only issued warning letters to violators, though it has hinted at pursuing broader enforcement with federal and state partners if the CBD craze continues. The bill's conference committee included 14 Senators and 51 House members. George Washington was notoriously bad at growing hemp, though. International energy information, including overviews, rankings, data, and analyses. Cohen said this green rush could help dairy farmers in Connecticut and across the nation. As is common in serrated leaves, each serration has a central vein extending to its tip. Actively improving the quality of life in neighboring communities. National Geographic stories take you on a journey thats always enlightening, often surprising, and unfailingly fascinating. Local law enforcement in states like Iowa, Ohio and Texas have also raided hemp and CBD stores this year. Cannabis (/ k n b s /) is a genus of flowering plants in the family Cannabaceae.The number of species within the genus is disputed. In North America, cannabis, in the form of hemp, was grown for use in rope, cloth and paper. Learn about our production and sale of renewable diesel, a low-carbon fuel. Get the latest news and analysis in the stock market today, including national and world stock market news, business news, financial news and more [31] Many models have been proposed to explain sex determination in Cannabis. Find latest news from every corner of the globe at Reuters.com, your online source for breaking international news coverage. 1 Valero Way As a result, some hemp plants can make loads of CBD because there is no internal competition for making THC. Many countries regulate limits for psychoactive compound (THC) concentrations in products labeled as hemp. Prior to joining Valero, he was Refinery Manager at Premcor's Lima Refinery. Both THC and CBD are members of a chemical family called cannabinoids. (consisting of wild or feral plants). Forms EIA uses to collect energy data including descriptions, links to survey instructions, and additional information. Etymology. His answer: Youve got to go beyond what they look like to the chemical profiles.. C. sativa contains fiber and seed landraces, and feral populations, derived from Europe, Central Asia, and Turkey. [7][8][9], The plant is also known as hemp, although this term is often used to refer only to varieties of Cannabis cultivated for non-drug use. Many common language terms used for fruit and seeds differ from botanical classifications. Reserves, production, prices, employment and productivity, distribution, stocks, imports and exports. Scientists suspect cannabinoids protect the plant from UV rays, much like sunscreen does for human skin. This means that on its way from the midrib of the leaflet to the point of the serration, the vein serving the tip of the serration passes close by the intervening notch. Where is Ethanol Made? Cannabis is abundant in the wild meaning an outdoor hemp field is one gust of pollen away from accidentally breeding marijuana. Jason Fraser serves as Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer. Energy is extracted in useful forms High-quality, Valero Branded Stations. Within C. sativa they recognized two subspecies: C. sativa L. subsp. And even if you make sure that your CBD is pure, some federal agencies and state laws still forbid it even in places where medical or recreational weed is legal. In the United States alone, it is believed that over 100 million Americans have tried cannabis, with 25 million Americans having used it within the past year.[when?][96]. He previously served as Senior Vice President-Supply, International Operations and Systems Optimization; and Vice President-Crude, Feedstock, Supply and Trading. [18], The question of whether heteromorphic sex chromosomes are indeed present is most conveniently answered if such chromosomes were clearly visible in a karyotype. 179D includes full and partial tax deductions for investments in energy efficient commercial building that are designed to increase the efficiency of energy-consuming functions. A nut is a type of fruit (and not a seed), and a seed is a ripened ovule.. [138] Pakistan's Shrine of Lal Shahbaz Qalandar in Sindh province is particularly renowned for the widespread use of cannabis at the shrine's celebrations, especially its annual Urs festival and Thursday evening dhamaal sessions - or meditative dancing sessions. Regional energy information including dashboards, maps, data, and analyses. It is also a crucial metabolic There is a process called fractional distillation, where you can actually isolate different cannabinoids, Provera said. The cannabis was presumably employed by this culture as a medicinal or psychoactive agent, or an aid to divination. Our executive team is committed to operations excellence, disciplined management of capital and long-term value. Our Ethanol Plants; Featured Content Renewable Diesel. Serebriakova and Sizov split the two C. sativa subspecies into 13 varieties, including four distinct groups within subspecies culta. If a nerve cell has too much calcium, it will fire electric pulses at too fast a rate, which can cause a state of distress called excitotoxicity. One route leads to becoming THC, the other to becoming CBD. The leaves have a peculiar and diagnostic venation pattern that enables persons poorly familiar with the plant to distinguish a cannabis leaf from unrelated species that have confusingly similar leaves (see illustration). [85], The scientific debate regarding taxonomy has had little effect on the terminology in widespread use among cultivators and users of drug-type Cannabis. EIA's free and open data available as API, Excel add-in, bulk files, and widgets. [16], The Act created the Energy Efficient Commercial Buildings Tax Deduction, a special financial incentive designed to reduce the initial cost of investing in energy-efficient building systems via an accelerated tax deduction under section 179D of the Internal Revenue Code (IRC)[4] Many building owners are unaware that the [Policy Act of 2005] includes a tax deduction (179D) for investments in "energy efficient commercial building property" designed to significantly reduce the heating, cooling, water heating and interior lighting cost of new or existing commercial buildings placed into service between January 1, 2006 and December 31, 2013. Learn about our production and sale of renewable diesel, a low-carbon fuel. Nov. 3, 2022 Plants need light to grow. Serebr. [90] Cannabis smoke was inhaled by Daoists, who burned it in incense burners. It originally referred to any wheeled horse-drawn vehicle, such as a cart, carriage, or wagon. Schmeltekopf joined Valero in 2003 as Executive Director of External Reporting. Cannabis is frequently used among Sufis[138] the mystical interpretation of Islam that exerts strong influence over local Muslim practices in Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, Turkey, and Pakistan. He started as a Director in Corporate Development and moved to Business Development in 2015, where he was promoted to Vice President in 2018. Began to separate the Male from the Female hemprather too late, Washington penned in his diary in August 1765. The first thing you need to know is that our bodies make their own natural versions of these compounds called endocannabinoids. Where do hydrocarbon gas liquids come from? Water, for instance, is one of natures best solvents but it wouldnt be effective for something like this. [63] He considered the genus to be monotypic, having just a single species that he named Cannabis sativa L. (L. stands for Linnaeus, and indicates the authority who first named the species). "The holding will call into question many other regulations that protect consumers with respect to credit cards, bank accounts, mortgage loans, debt collection, credit reports, and identity theft," tweeted Chris Peterson, a former enforcement attorney at the CFPB who is now a law As marijuana, cannabis has been a tool for relaxation, as well as an element of mass incarceration but also for medical benefits, like to fight the side effects of cancer chemotherapy. [60][61] The defense attorneys were not often successful in winning their case, because the intent of the law was clear.[68]. He began his career at Valero as a Process Engineer at the McKee refinery and subsequently held management positions including General Manager-Process Engineering, Director-Supply and Optimization, Vice President-Refinery Planning and Economics, Senior Vice President-Crude, Feedstock Supply and Trading, Senior Vice President-Refining Operations and Executive Vice President-Refining Operations and Engineering. Sales, revenue and prices, power plants, fuel use, stocks, generation, trade, demand & emissions. Such ethanol has lower carbon emissions and doesnt compete with food production. [6] The genus is widely accepted as being indigenous to and originating from Asia. A half kilogram of this cannabis material can yield about 75 grams of CBD, according to Rino Ferrarese, COO of the medical marijuana extractor CT Pharma. Due to the way cannabis plants naturally grow and breed, many CBD products in stores contain the same drug that makes marijuana federally illicit THC or tetrahydrocannabinol. The botanists engaged in heated debate (outside of court), and both camps impugned the other's integrity. Eric Fisher serves as Senior Vice President-Wholesale Marketing and International Commercial Operations, responsible for global wholesale marketing, including administration of London, Montreal and Dublin operations and the specialty products marketing business. 2 ethanol-producing state in the country. spontanea (= C. ruderalis), which is commonly described as "auto-flowering" and may be day-neutral. Berkowitz and professor Matthew DeBacco launched the class at UConn called Horticulture of Cannabis: from Seed to Harvest to fill a desperate need in the ever-budding cannabis industry, with U.S. sales expected to reach $80 billion by 2030. Find latest science news from every corner of the globe at Reuters.com, your online source for breaking international news coverage. These categories are highly arbitrary, however: one "AK-47" hybrid strain has received both "Best Sativa" and "Best Indica" awards. Cellulosic ethanol is a type of biofuel produced from lignocellulose, a structural material that comprises much of the mass of plants and is composed mainly of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin.Popular sources of lignocellulose include both agricultural waste products (e.g. Prior to joining Valero, Reinhart served as a Partner in the law firm of Bracewell & Giuliani LLP, where she defended employers in all phases of employment law. Stephen Takacsy's Top Picks: November 7, 2022, Shane Obata's Top Picks: November 4, 2022, Brian Acker's Top Picks: November 3, 2022. Consumer spending, and hence the national economy, was abetted. Prior to Bracewell, she practiced law at Troutman Sanders in Atlanta, with a short secondment to CNN as in-house labor and employment counsel, and the State of Georgia as an Assistant State Attorney General. However, due to excess nutrients and/or the absence of herbivores less light can reach lower vegetation layers in grasslands. In 2019, he assumed the role of Vice President Investor Relations, and was promoted to his current position in 2021. Woman mauled by bear in yard while letting dog out. There are at least four cafes within a 15-minute walk of the White House that sell CBD coffee. [107] Long-term effects of cannabis are not clear. At Premcor and its predecessor, Clark Refining & Marketing, he also held positions in strategic planning, mergers and acquisitions, and planning and economics. 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The X:A system was first described in Drosophila spp in 1925. : Public Health and Social Welfare, American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, Tax Relief, Unemployment Insurance Reauthorization, and Job Creation Act of 2010, Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007, National Interest Electric Transmission Corridors, Price-Anderson Nuclear Industries Indemnity Act, Daylight saving time in the United States, National Association of Convenience Stores, Energy Improvement and Extension Act of 2008, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Biomass Research and Development Act of 2000, "Reviving nuclear power debates is a distraction. [83], Despite advanced analytical techniques, much of the cannabis used recreationally is inaccurately classified. Besides the 48 conterminous states that occupy the middle latitudes of the continent, the United States includes the state of Alaska, at the northwestern extreme of North America, and the island state of Or view hourly updated newsfeeds in your RSS reader: Keep up to date with the latest news from ScienceDaily via social networks: Tell us what you think of ScienceDaily -- we welcome both positive and negative comments. Bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) is the process of extracting bioenergy from biomass and capturing and storing the carbon, thereby removing it from the atmosphere. Cannabis is used to reduce nausea and vomiting during chemotherapy, to improve appetite in people with HIV/AIDS, and to treat chronic pain and muscle spasms. He joined with predecessor Ultramar Diamond Shamrock (UDS), and in his current position with Valero is responsible for company strategy and innovation efforts. Password requirements: 6 to 30 characters long; ASCII characters only (characters found on a standard US keyboard); must contain at least 4 different symbols; Independent and Diverse Board of Directors. Mapping the morphological concepts to scientific names in the Small 1976 framework, "Sativa" generally refers to C. sativa subsp. Visitors can browse more than 500 individual topics, grouped into 12 main sections (listed under the top navigational menu), covering: the medical sciences and health; physical sciences and technology; biological sciences and the environment; and social sciences, business and education. It is also a crucial metabolic He is thought to have belonged to the Jushi culture recorded in the area centuries later in the Hanshu, Chap 96B. Get the latest science news with ScienceDaily's free email newsletters, updated daily and weekly. Cellulosic ethanol is a type of biofuel produced from lignocellulose, a structural material that comprises much of the mass of plants and is composed mainly of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin.Popular sources of lignocellulose include both agricultural waste products (e.g. Any biological organism is going to fluctuate a variable that farmers and growers are always really concerned about, Apicella said. Lets just say that again because it is a bit mind-blowing. Soon thereafter, Mark was promoted to Assistant Controller, and ultimately, Senior Vice President of Accounting, in 2012. Dioecious varieties are also preferred for textile fiber production, whereas monoecious varieties are preferred for pulp and paper production. Earlier in his career, he worked as an operations accountant for Exxon Corp. [75] According to Schultes' and Anderson's descriptions, C. sativa is tall and laxly branched with relatively narrow leaflets, C. indica is shorter, conical in shape, and has relatively wide leaflets, and C. ruderalis is short, branchless, and grows wild in Central Asia. Connecticut is looking to capitalize. (Photo by AAron Ontiveroz/The Denver Post/Getty Images). Includes hydropower, solar, wind, geothermal, biomass and ethanol. Cheryl Thomas serves as Senior Vice President and Chief Technology Officer, with responsibility for the companys information services network and related technology. 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The psychoactive effects of cannabis are known to have a triphasic nature. [133][134] Other organized religions founded in the 20th century that treat Cannabis as a sacrament are the THC Ministry,[135] Cantheism,[136] the Cannabis Assembly[137] and the Church of Cognizance. Cannabis aficionados recognize three distinct types based on such factors as morphology, native range, aroma, and subjective psychoactive characteristics. Ainsworth describes sex determination in the genus as using "an X/autosome dosage type". [59] It remains controversial whether sufficient morphological and genetic divergence occurs within the genus as a result of geographical or ecological isolation to justify recognition of more than one species. It helped fuel competition among auto makers to meet rising demands for fuel-efficient vehicles. US, allies clash with China, Russia over NKorea missiles. Last years updated law further loosened restrictions and expanded the grants available for such studies. The interlocking value of our guiding principles is based on Safety, Environment, Community, Employees and Governance. In culinary language, a fruit is the sweet- or not sweet- (even sour-) tasting ", "Large-scale whole-genome resequencing unravels the domestication history of, "7 U.S. Code 5940 Legitimacy of industrial hemp research", "Boys and Girls Come Out to Play: The Molecular Biology of Dioecious Plants", "Cannabis as a licit crop: recent developments in Europe", "Dioecious plants. What has changed in states that have legalized marijuana and what hasnt, At first-ever public hearing on CBD, advocates and FDA try to blaze trail to regulatory compromise, Does marijuana hurt or help your brain? The information you requested is not available at this time, please check back again soon. The United States became the world's largest producer of ethanol fuel in 2005. CBD does not typically interact with the CB1 receptorat least not directly. Short, timely articles with graphics on energy, facts, issues, and trends. Heating, Cooling, Ventilation, and Hot Water Systems 15%. [78][79][28][80][81] Dutch Cannabis researcher E.P.M. GE Gas Power is a world leader in gas power technology, services, and solutions. Left: Such ethanol has lower carbon emissions and doesnt compete with food production. Sign up for email subcriptions to receive messages about specific EIA products. [56] In 2005, a genetic analysis of the same set of accessions led to a three-species classification, recognizing C. sativa, C. indica, and (tentatively) C. [31] Dioecious varieties are preferred for drug production, where the fruits (produced by female flowers) are used. Gary Simmons is Executive Vice President and Chief Commercial Officer, with oversight of the company's crude supply and products trading, wholesale marketing, transportation and international commercial operations groups. Stay informed Subscribe to our email newsletter. Exploration and reserves, storage, imports and exports, production, prices, sales. Cannabis for industrial uses is valuable in tens of thousands of commercial products, especially as fibre[112] ranging from paper, cordage, construction material and textiles in general, to clothing. The collective reduction in national consumption of energy (gas and electricity) is significant for home heating. While the majority of Brazilian production comes from cane juice, it can also be made from the fibers leftover after the cane is crushed. With this extension, the CBTD could be claimed for qualifying projects completed before January 1, 2014.[17][18]. [101] However, everyday use of cannabis may be correlated with psychological withdrawal symptoms, such as irritability or insomnia,[97] and susceptibility to a panic attack may increase as levels of THC metabolites rise. The other evidence that CBD is psychoactive? sativa. Full Committee on Energy and Commerce, September 4, 2003, found at, CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (, Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act (PURPA) of 1978, Public Utility Holding Company Act of 1935, 42 U.S.C. That means the impact could spread far beyond the agencys payday lending rule. John McCain, the Republican Party nominee for President of the United States in the 2008 election voted against the bill. Several other research groups have reported identification of male-associated markers using RAPD and AFLP. About Our Coalition. (Well get to why thats a problem later.). Popular terms are discerned from scientific taxonomy by the lack of italics, use of quotes and uppercasing. The national trade deficit was improved. Progesterone has a variety of important functions in the body. For example, Virginians can only buy and possess CBD if they have a prescription. [58] Physiological barriers to reproduction are not known to occur within Cannabis, and plants from widely divergent sources are interfertile. Heterosomes were not observed in analyzed individuals of monoecious "Kentucky" hemp, nor in an unidentified German cultivar. It originally referred to any wheeled horse-drawn vehicle, such as a cart, carriage, or wagon. Cannabinoids, terpenoids, and other compounds are secreted by glandular trichomes that occur most abundantly on the floral calyxes and bracts of female plants. These federal provisions, as written, also have a blindspot whereby a store can sell as much CBD as it wants, as long it doesnt make any health claims about its products, put it in food nor add it to dietary supplements.
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